API Reference

{
  "endpoint": "/v2",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "format": "json",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "name": "CycleCalcs API",
    "api_version": "2",
    "contract_version": "2.7.0",
    "description": "A read-only astronomy API that returns the named answer and the numbers behind it, with the frame, epoch, time scale and refraction model stated on every response. It reports angles, times and names, and attaches no meaning to any of them. Computed in real time with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine.",
    "base": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com",
    "openapi": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "llms_txt": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/llms-full.txt",
    "terms": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api.html#terms",
    "output_rights": "The numbers in a CycleCalcs API response are computed astronomical facts. You may use, store, cache, publish, redistribute and build commercial products on them, without restriction, without a license and without attribution.",
    "attribution": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/attribution",
    "frozen_versions": [
      {
        "version": "1",
        "base": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v1",
        "status": "frozen",
        "note": "Version 1 is unchanged and will not change. New work happens on /v2."
      }
    ],
    "conventions": {
      "time": "Times are UTC (ISO 8601) unless you send tz=, in which case they carry that zone's offset, except where a pre-1972 offset has seconds, which ISO 8601 cannot write: those stay in UTC.",
      "date_range": "Reliable from 1700 to 2200.",
      "location": "lat and lon in decimal degrees, latitude north positive and longitude east positive, plus optional elevation_m in metres. They are required on /v2/rise-set, /v2/sun, /v2/twilight and /v2/dark-window and optional elsewhere; each endpoint's params list below marks an optional parameter with a trailing question mark.",
      "cors": "Open CORS; safe to call from the browser. No key is needed for the free Basic tier, and a direct request is served at the anonymous tier whatever it sends. The paid tiers are sold through the RapidAPI listing and authenticate at that gateway; a key never belongs in a URL.",
      "ranges": "Most endpoints accept start, end and step for a series in one request. Caps are by endpoint shape and caller tier.",
      "conventions_document": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/conventions"
    },
    "limits": {
      "max_rows_global": 10000,
      "max_bodies_per_request": 20,
      "max_engine_calls_per_request": 250000,
      "max_compute_ms": 8000
    },
    "capabilities": {
      "timezone_resolution": true,
      "place_lookup": true,
      "api_keys": true
    },
    "endpoints": [
      {
        "path": "/v2",
        "summary": "The discovery document: every endpoint, parameter, convention and limit",
        "params": [
          "format?",
          "precision?",
          "pretty?",
          "verbosity?"
        ],
        "formats": [
          "json"
        ]
      },
      {
        "path": "/v2/conventions",
        "summary": "Every convention, threshold, model and limit the API uses, as data",
        "params": [
          "format?",
          "precision?",
          "pretty?",
          "verbosity?"
        ],
        "formats": [
          "json"
        ]
      },
      {
        "path": "/v2/enums",
        "summary": "Every enumerated value the API can emit or accept, as data",
        "params": [
          "set?",
          "endpoint?",
          "format?",
          "precision?",
          "... 2 more rows omitted for length ..."
        ],
        "formats": [
          "json"
        ]
      },
      {
        "path": "/v2/attribution",
        "summary": "Every source behind every endpoint, with its license and what it obliges a caller to do",
        "params": [
          "endpoint?",
          "fields?",
          "format?",
          "precision?",
          "... 2 more rows omitted for length ..."
        ],
        "formats": [
          "json"
        ]
      },
      "... 27 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ]
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#discovery",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#discovery"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/conventions",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "format": "json",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "time_scales": {
      "input": "The instant you send is interpreted as UTC, or as local civil time in the zone you send in tz=.",
      "ut1": "Treated as equal to UTC, so a time you give is read as UT1. UT1 minus UTC stays under 0.9 s, so that is the bound from 1972. Before 1972 the larger uncertainty is delta-T itself; see delta_t_description.",
      "tt": "Terrestrial Time: UTC plus delta-T, with delta-T as delta_t_description states.",
      "tai": "From the leap-second table (1972 onward): UTC plus the accumulated leap-second count, published as tai_minus_utc_seconds on /v2/time. Undefined before 1972-01-01 and reported as null there, with a time_scale_undefined warning. This is NOT tt minus the definitional 32.184 s: TT minus TAI is 32.184 s exactly by definition, but tt on this API comes from the delta-T model, which departs from that figure by UT1 minus UTC (under 0.9 s) from 1972 to the end of the IERS prediction, and by more after it. /v2/time discloses the live gap as tt_minus_tai_seconds and delta_t_model_residual_seconds rather than leaving a caller to assume the definitional constant applies to the modeled tt reading.",
      "delta_t_model": "IERS, Espenak-Meeus",
      "delta_t_description": "TT minus UT1 from the IERS measurements (IERS EOP 20 C04 through 2025-05-05, then IERS Rapid Service finals through 2026-10-08) and prediction (IERS Bulletin A XXXIX No. 41, issued 2026-10-08, through 2027-10-08) from 1972, good to a few hundredths of a second there; the Espenak-Meeus polynomial before 1972; a linear blend back to that polynomial by 2040.",
      "julian_day_epoch": "JD 0.0 is -4712-01-01T12:00:00 in the proleptic Julian calendar. This is the astronomical Julian Day Number, not the ordinal day-of-year that ERP systems also call a Julian date."
    },
    "frames": {
      "eqj": "Mean equator and equinox of J2000.0, aligned with the ICRF to within milliarcseconds.",
      "eqd": "True equator and equinox of date. Precession and nutation applied.",
      "ect": "True ecliptic and equinox of date. This is the frame tropical sign sectors are measured in.",
      "ecl": "Mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000.0.",
      "hor": "Topocentric horizontal. Azimuth clockwise from true north, 0 to 360. Altitude positive above the horizon.",
      "gal": "IAU 1958 galactic coordinates."
    },
    "field_definitions": {
      "tropical_sign": "The 30-degree sector of the body's apparent ecliptic longitude in the true ecliptic and equinox of date (frame ect), counted from the moving March equinox: Aries 0 to 30 deg, Taurus 30 to 60 deg, and so on to Pisces 330 to 360 deg. A named coordinate bin, not a constellation: because the equinox precesses, the bins drift against the stars by about 1 deg every 71.6 years, at the measured IAU 2006 precession rate. Taken from the geocentric place on /v2/positions, /v2/moon and /v2/planet-board, even when lat and lon make a position block topocentric: /v2/positions says so in meta.conventions.label_origin and /v2/planet-board in position.ecliptic_origin. With a location the Moon's topocentric longitude can sit up to about 1 deg from the geocentric one its sector is taken from. On /v2/sun, which always has a location, it is taken from the topocentric place, at most about 9 arcsec from the geocentric one. Emitted for Solar System bodies only.",
      "constellation": "The IAU constellation containing the position: one of the 88 regions whose boundaries Delporte drew for the IAU in 1930 along lines of right ascension and declination of the B1875.0 equinox. The J2000 right ascension and declination are precessed to B1875.0 and looked up there. A body off the ecliptic can sit outside the zodiac constellations, so the constellation and tropical_sign often disagree: Saturn at 2026-10-04T12:00:00Z is at ecliptic longitude 11.30 deg and latitude -2.71 deg, in the Aries bin of tropical_sign and in the constellation Cetus. Taken from the geocentric place on /v2/positions, /v2/moon, /v2/today, /v2/retrogrades and /v2/planet-events, even when lat and lon make a position block topocentric, and on /v2/positions from the heliocentric place under frame=heliocentric. On /v2/planet-board (with a location, unless frames=minimal) and /v2/sun it is taken from the topocentric place, which sits at most the body's parallax from the geocentric one: about 9 arcsec for the Sun and 33 arcsec for Venus at its closest. On /v2/positions it is also given for named star and radec targets.",
      "origin": "On /v2/positions, meta.conventions.label_origin: the place every row's tropical_sign and constellation were taken from, one value for the whole response, present when some row carries either label. It is geocentric, except that under frame=heliocentric the constellation is taken from the heliocentric place and label_origin says heliocentric, and no tropical_sign is emitted. Never topocentric, even when a row's position block is. A named star or radec row has a constellation and no tropical_sign."
    },
    "corrections": {
      "aberration": {
        "applied": true,
        "note": "Applied to every apparent place, including named star and radec targets, which take annual aberration."
      },
      "light_travel_time": {
        "applied": true,
        "note": "Applied to the Sun and the planets. The Moon's place is geometric: its light time of about 1.3 s would move it by under 1 arcsec. A named star or radec target does not take it: a catalog place is already the direction its light arrives from."
      },
      "nutation": {
        "applied": true,
        "note": "Applied in every of-date frame."
      },
      "topocentric_parallax": {
        "applied": true,
        "note": "Applied whenever lat and lon are supplied. For the Moon this reaches about 1 degree, roughly two lunar diameters. For a star it is far below a milliarcsecond."
      },
      "proper_motion": {
        "applied": true,
        "note": "Applied to named star targets (star: and hr:) from the Bright Star Catalog proper motion, parallax and radial velocity, as linear space motion from epoch J2000.0 to the requested instant. A caller-supplied radec target is read as a J2000 place and is not moved."
      },
      "polar_motion": {
        "applied": false,
        "note": "The effect is milliarcsecond class and is an explicit non-goal."
      },
      "light_deflection": {
        "applied": false,
        "note": "The bending of light by the Sun's gravity is not applied to any target. It is about 0.004 arcsec at 90 deg from the Sun and grows toward it: about 1 arcsec at half a degree, 1.75 arcsec at the solar limb."
      }
    },
    "refraction": {
      "model": "Saemundsson (Astronomy Engine normal mode)",
      "formula": "1.02 / tan(h + 10.3 / (h + 5.11)) arcminutes, h in degrees, standard atmosphere",
      "verified": true,
      "assumed_temperature_c": null,
      "assumed_pressure_mbar": null,
      "applied_below_horizon_down_to_deg": -1,
      "behaviour_below_cutoff": "Below the cutoff the refraction term is tapered linearly to zero at the nadir rather than extrapolated, so an apparent altitude below the horizon is a stated convention and never a runaway value. Apparent altitude below the horizon is a convention, not a physical quantity.",
      "atmosphere_model": "U.S. Standard Atmosphere (1976), engine Atmosphere(), used only to scale the horizon refraction allowance by relative air density at the observer elevation",
      "near_horizon_refraction_arcmin": 34,
      "how_to_disable": "refraction=none",
      "always_returned": "Every position block returns altitude_refracted_deg, altitude_unrefracted_deg and refraction_deg side by side. An EVENT altitude is a different quantity and is reported once: a rise or set carries the unrefracted value, because that is what the search solved for, and a transit carries the refracted value, because that is what an observer measures. See event_altitude_convention."
    },
    "event_definitions": [
      {
        "code": "sunrise",
        "body": "Sun",
        "altitude_deg": -0.8333,
        "definition": "center of the Sun 50 arcminutes below the true horizon, being about 16 arcminutes of solar semidiameter plus about 34 arcminutes of horizon refraction"
      },
      {
        "code": "sunset",
        "body": "Sun",
        "altitude_deg": -0.8333,
        "definition": "As sunrise, on the descending crossing."
      },
      {
        "code": "civil_dawn",
        "body": "Sun",
        "altitude_deg": -6,
        "definition": "Center of the Sun 6 degrees below the horizon, ascending."
      },
      {
        "code": "civil_dusk",
        "body": "Sun",
        "altitude_deg": -6,
        "definition": "Center of the Sun 6 degrees below the horizon, descending."
      },
      "... 11 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "event_scopes": [
      {
        "code": "global",
        "definition": "The kind describes the event's greatest character anywhere on Earth, not what an observer at the requested location would see. A solar eclipse that is total somewhere is partial or invisible for almost everyone; local circumstances are a separate computation."
      },
      {
        "code": "local",
        "definition": "The kind and the times are computed for the requested location."
      }
    ],
    "photometry": {
      "magnitude": "Apparent visual magnitude. The scale is logarithmic and INVERTED: a smaller number is brighter, and a step of 1 is a factor of about 2.512 in received light. The Sun is about -26.7, the full Moon about -12.7, the faintest naked-eye stars about 6.5, Pluto about 14.4.",
      "model": "Astronomy Engine Illumination(), which includes Saturn's ring contribution",
      "origin": "geocentric, even when lat and lon are supplied: the topocentric correction to brightness is far below the model uncertainty",
      "naked_eye_threshold_magnitude": 6.5,
      "moon_phase_law": "The Moon follows the Allen phase law in the form Krisciunas and Schaefer fitted (1991, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 103, 1033): 0.026 mag per degree of Sun-Moon-Earth phase angle plus a 4e-9 quartic term. JPL Horizons reports the same curve. The lunar phase curve behind it was observed out to a phase angle of about 150 deg; beyond that, within about 2.4 days of new moon, the value is an extrapolation. It is kept and flagged: magnitude_extrapolated: true on a single-instant /v2/moon or /v2/positions answer and on /v2/phases rows, and true in the Moon slot of magnitudes_extrapolated on /v2/conjunctions. The rows of a /v2/moon or /v2/positions series carry no flag; the meta.conventions of a /v2/moon or /v2/positions answer carrying a Moon magnitude gives the threshold as moon_magnitude_observed_phase_angle_deg.",
      "moon_magnitude_observed_phase_angle_deg": 150
    },
    "event_altitude_convention": "In a rise_set events array, a rise or a set reports the UNREFRACTED altitude that its event_definition names, which is the value the search solved for. A transit reports the REFRACTED altitude, which is what an observer would measure. Position blocks always return both altitudes side by side.",
    "refraction_parameter_scope": "The refraction parameter is accepted by: /v2/positions, /v2/planet-board, /v2/twilight, /v2/libration, /v2/jupiter-moons, /v2/sky-quality. Elsewhere it is an unknown parameter and is warned, not applied. /v2/rise-set in particular cannot switch it: its search crosses a GEOMETRIC altitude rather than evaluating a refraction model, which is why the event altitude it reports is the unrefracted one.",
    "moon_age_convention": "age_days is the elapsed time in days since the real previous new moon, found by the same search that produces next_phases, so the two always agree. It is NOT phase_angle_deg divided by 360 times the mean synodic month: elongation does not advance uniformly, and that mean-rate figure, which some almanacs print, differs by up to about half a day. Where the mean-rate figure is also returned it is named age_days_mean_rate_proxy.",
    "rise_set_statuses": [
      {
        "code": "normal",
        "label": "Rises and sets",
        "definition": "Exactly one rise and exactly one set inside the window."
      },
      {
        "code": "rise_only",
        "label": "Rises, does not set",
        "definition": "One or more rises, no set, inside the window."
      },
      {
        "code": "set_only",
        "label": "Sets, does not rise",
        "definition": "One or more sets, no rise, inside the window."
      },
      {
        "code": "always_up",
        "label": "Above the horizon throughout",
        "definition": "Altitude at or above the event altitude for the whole window, determined by sampling the upper and lower transit."
      },
      "... 2 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "day_anchors": [
      {
        "code": "civil",
        "definition": "Local midnight in the effective IANA zone, with the historical offset for that date."
      },
      {
        "code": "solar",
        "definition": "Local mean solar midnight implied by longitude alone. No timezone, no DST."
      },
      {
        "code": "utc",
        "definition": "UTC midnight of the resolved UTC calendar date."
      }
    ],
    "date_range": {
      "min_year": 1700,
      "max_year": 2200,
      "note": "Accuracy degrades toward both ends. On /v2/positions, a request within 20 years of either boundary carries an extrapolated_epoch warning. The other date-taking endpoints do not yet emit it, so treat the boundary as your own responsibility there.",
      "time_scale_note": "A time scale that did not exist at the requested instant is reported as null with a time_scale_undefined warning, which is a different fact from being near a range boundary: TAI, for example, is undefined before 1972."
    },
    "limits": {
      "max_rows_global": 10000,
      "max_bodies_per_request": 20,
      "max_engine_calls_per_request": 250000,
      "max_compute_ms": 8000,
      "caller_tier": "anonymous",
      "tiers_defined": [
        "anonymous",
        "pro",
        "founding",
        "ultra",
        "... 2 more rows omitted for length ..."
      ],
      "keyed_tier_reachable": true,
      "keyed_tier_note": "The pro, ultra and mega tiers are sold through the RapidAPI listing, and a subscriber's requests arriving through that gateway are served at their plan's caps: Basic maps to anonymous, Pro, Ultra and Mega to their columns. Sending \"key\" as a query parameter is accepted, ignored and disclosed with a parameter_ignored warning; no query parameter changes a tier. A stronger tier buys a higher rate limit and a larger range cap, never a different answer, and on the largest endpoints the range a response can carry is bounded by size before it is bounded by tier; the refusal names which bound applied.",
      "range_caps_by_shape": [
        {
          "shape": "daily_one_body",
          "unit": "rows",
          "anonymous": 366,
          "pro": 1830,
          "founding": 1830,
          "ultra": 3660,
          "professional": 3660,
          "mega": 3660,
          "endpoints": [
            "/v2/sun",
            "/v2/moon",
            "/v2/rise-set",
            "/v2/twilight",
            "... 3 more rows omitted for length ..."
          ]
        },
        {
          "shape": "daily_all_bodies",
          "unit": "rows",
          "anonymous": 93,
          "pro": 366,
          "founding": 366,
          "ultra": 366,
          "professional": 366,
          "mega": 366,
          "endpoints": [
            "/v2/planet-board",
            "/v2/cycles"
          ]
        },
        {
          "shape": "subdaily_grid",
          "unit": "days",
          "anonymous": 31,
          "pro": 93,
          "founding": 93,
          "ultra": 186,
          "professional": 186,
          "mega": 186,
          "endpoints": [
            "/v2/positions",
            "/v2/time",
            "/v2/sidereal-time"
          ]
        },
        {
          "shape": "event_list",
          "unit": "events",
          "anonymous": 100,
          "pro": 400,
          "founding": 400,
          "ultra": 500,
          "professional": 500,
          "mega": 500,
          "endpoints": [
            "/v2/seasons",
            "/v2/apsides",
            "/v2/moon-nodes",
            "/v2/eclipses",
            "... 6 more rows omitted for length ..."
          ]
        },
        "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
      ],
      "over_cap_behaviour": "A request over a cap is refused with 400 RANGE_TOO_LARGE carrying the cap extension. It is never silently truncated to a shorter 200.",
      "search_windows": [
        {
          "key": "/v2/seasons",
          "max_window_days": 36600,
          "unit": "days",
          "built": true
        },
        {
          "key": "/v2/apsides.moon",
          "max_window_days": 3660,
          "unit": "days",
          "built": true
        },
        {
          "key": "/v2/apsides.planet",
          "max_window_days": 36600,
          "unit": "days",
          "built": true
        },
        {
          "key": "/v2/moon-nodes",
          "max_window_days": 36600,
          "unit": "days",
          "built": true
        },
        "... 14 more rows omitted for length ..."
      ],
      "search_window_note": "A search endpoint is bounded twice and independently: search_windows caps the SPAN SEARCHED and range_caps_by_shape caps the ROWS RETURNED. A request can be inside one and outside the other. Both refuse with 400 RANGE_TOO_LARGE and the cap extension names the unit.",
      "range_boundaries": {
        "rule": "The `end` of a range query does not mean the same thing on every endpoint. /v2 shipped three behaviours, each internally consistent, and keeps them: api/versioning.html promises /v2 keeps its present behavior for life, and changing any of them would delete or add a row for a caller who did not change their request.",
        "meanings": {
          "inclusive": "A row landing exactly on `end` is returned. The window is [start, end].",
          "exclusive": "A row landing exactly on `end` is not returned. The window is [start, end).",
          "day_start_before_end": "`end` bounds the start of a day rather than a row. Every local day that begins before `end` is returned, so the last row can begin before `end` and finish after it."
        },
        "endpoints": [
          {
            "path": "/v2/positions",
            "end_boundary": "inclusive"
          },
          {
            "path": "/v2/rise-set",
            "end_boundary": "day_start_before_end"
          },
          {
            "path": "/v2/sun",
            "end_boundary": "day_start_before_end"
          },
          {
            "path": "/v2/moon",
            "end_boundary": "inclusive"
          },
          "... 17 more rows omitted for length ..."
        ]
      },
      "forward_search_exemption": {
        "rule": "spec-00 6.4 check 4 normally refuses count without start, because count sizes a range and a range needs a beginning.",
        "exemption": "An endpoint that SEARCHES FORWARD from a reference instant rather than sampling a grid accepts count with at, or with no time parameter at all, because \"the next three eclipses\" names no range. Such a request reports query.mode as \"range\".",
        "endpoints": [
          "/v2/seasons",
          "/v2/apsides",
          "/v2/eclipses",
          "/v2/phases"
        ]
      },
      "request_limits": {
        "max_parameter_value_length_chars": 512,
        "max_distinct_parameter_names": 64,
        "max_uri_bytes": 4096,
        "note": "Enforced in params.mjs readQuery(), before any parameter is parsed: PARAMETER_TOO_LONG, TOO_MANY_PARAMETERS and URI_TOO_LONG respectively.",
        "max_place_length_chars": 128,
        "max_place_length_note": "A place value longer than this is refused as PARAMETER_TOO_LONG before place lookup runs. Enforced in places.mjs resolvePlace(), read through params.mjs resolvePlaceParam().",
        "max_client_id_length_chars": 64,
        "client_id_note": "Up to 64 characters from A-Z, a-z, 0-9, dot, underscore and hyphen; anything else is BAD_CLIENT. Enforced in params.mjs parsePresentation().",
        "pagination_limit_max_rows": 10000,
        "pagination_limit_note": "The `limit` page-size parameter accepts 1 up to this maximum; BAD_LIMIT otherwise. This is the page size, independent of the range_caps_by_shape row cap that bounds the underlying query. Enforced in params.mjs parsePagination(), shared by every paginated endpoint."
      },
      "step_grammar": {
        "grammar": "A decimal number immediately followed by one unit token, with no space: for example 15min, 6h, 1d, 2w, 1mo, 1y.",
        "tokens": [
          {
            "token": "min",
            "minutes": 1
          },
          {
            "token": "m",
            "minutes": 1
          },
          {
            "token": "h",
            "minutes": 60
          },
          {
            "token": "d",
            "minutes": 1440
          },
          "... 3 more rows omitted for length ..."
        ],
        "minimum_minutes": 1,
        "maximum_minutes": 525600,
        "note": "The resolved span in minutes must be at least minimum_minutes and at most maximum_minutes; BAD_STEP otherwise. Enforced in params.mjs parseStep(). Endpoints may narrow it further and several do; every narrowing is in endpoint_policies, and a BAD_STEP from an endpoint names durations that endpoint accepts.",
        "endpoint_policies": [
          {
            "endpoint": "/v2/sun",
            "minimum_minutes": 1,
            "maximum_minutes": 525600,
            "whole_days_only": true,
            "accepted_values": null,
            "accepted_examples": [
              "1d",
              "2d",
              "7d",
              "30d",
              "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
            ],
            "note": "This endpoint returns one row per local day, so the stride has to be a whole number of days; for a monthly cadence send 30d."
          },
          {
            "endpoint": "/v2/twilight",
            "minimum_minutes": null,
            "maximum_minutes": null,
            "whole_days_only": false,
            "accepted_values": [
              "1d"
            ],
            "accepted_examples": [
              "1d"
            ],
            "note": "It answers a per-day question and takes no other stride."
          },
          {
            "endpoint": "/v2/conjunctions",
            "minimum_minutes": 60,
            "maximum_minutes": 10080,
            "whole_days_only": false,
            "accepted_values": null,
            "accepted_examples": [
              "1h",
              "6h",
              "1d",
              "2d",
              "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
            ],
            "note": null
          },
          {
            "endpoint": "/v2/separation",
            "minimum_minutes": 1,
            "maximum_minutes": 10080,
            "whole_days_only": false,
            "accepted_values": null,
            "accepted_examples": [
              "1min",
              "15min",
              "6h",
              "1d",
              "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
            ],
            "note": null
          },
          "... 2 more rows omitted for length ..."
        ],
        "endpoint_policies_note": "Every step-accepting endpoint not listed here takes the generic grammar unchanged. A row with accepted_values names the complete set; a row with only accepted_examples names a sample of a continuum bounded by minimum_minutes and maximum_minutes, or by endpoint_override where those are null.",
        "endpoint_override": {
          "endpoint": "/v2/jupiter-moons",
          "minimum_seconds": 10,
          "maximum_seconds": 600,
          "note": "A Galilean contact needs finer resolution than the generic grammar allows and can never need coarser, so this endpoint replaces the generic bound rather than adding to it."
        }
      },
      "parameter_value_limits": [
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/rise-set",
          "parameter": "horizon",
          "min": -20,
          "max": 20,
          "unit": "deg",
          "note": "Overrides the event altitude this request searches for, in place of the body's own event_definition altitude_deg. Enforced in v2-rise-set.mjs."
        },
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/rise-set",
          "parameter": "search_horizon_days",
          "min": 1,
          "max": 400,
          "unit": "days",
          "note": "How far past the requested window the search may run to find a real next rise or set. Default 400. Enforced in v2-rise-set.mjs."
        },
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/moon",
          "parameter": "next_phases",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 24,
          "unit": "phases",
          "note": "How many upcoming phase events accompany the digest. Enforced in v2-moon.mjs."
        },
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/sun, /v2/twilight",
          "parameter": "depressions (each entry)",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 30,
          "unit": "deg",
          "note": "The depression angle itself, independent of the entry-count cap in PARAMETER_LIST_LIMITS. Enforced identically in v2-sun.mjs and v2-twilight.mjs."
        },
        "... 13 more rows omitted for length ..."
      ],
      "parameter_list_limits": [
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/sun, /v2/twilight",
          "parameter": "depressions",
          "max_count": 8,
          "unit": "entries",
          "note": "At most 8 custom depression angles per request. Enforced identically in v2-sun.mjs and v2-twilight.mjs."
        },
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/conjunctions",
          "parameter": "pairs",
          "max_count": 28,
          "unit": "pairs",
          "note": "An explicit pair list. Enforced in v2-conjunctions.mjs."
        },
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/conjunctions",
          "parameter": "bodies",
          "max_count": 8,
          "unit": "bodies",
          "note": "Capped so the all-pairs expansion of `bodies` cannot exceed the 28-pair limit above: 8 choose 2 is 28. Enforced in v2-conjunctions.mjs."
        }
      ],
      "engine_budget_overrides": [
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/retrogrades",
          "max_engine_calls": 60000,
          "note": "Enforced in v2-retrogrades.mjs, pre-flight before any astronomy runs."
        },
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/separation",
          "max_engine_calls": 200000,
          "note": "Enforced in v2-separation.mjs, pre-flight before any astronomy runs. This endpoint also caps its own row count at 500 minima, independent of range_caps_by_shape."
        },
        {
          "endpoint": "/v2/rarity",
          "max_engine_calls": 200000,
          "note": "Enforced in v2-rarity.mjs. visible=any is checked pre-flight, before any astronomy runs: at the parameter maxima that walk costs about 27,000 calls, so no request reaches the cap. visible=dark is checked as it walks: a side that reaches the cap is null, flagged truncated and warned as unknown, and the sentence makes no claim for it. tools/sweep-rarity-budget.mjs runs 1,368 located requests (12 pairs at 19 latitudes from 89 N to 80 S on 6 dates); on 2026-09-24 none reached the cap and the costliest took 172,732 calls. It can be reached: Jupiter and Saturn 170 degrees apart seen from 66 S on 2030-06-01 reach it on the forward side."
        }
      ]
    },
    "adopted_constants": {
      "body_radius_km": {
        "Sun": 696000,
        "Moon": 1737.4,
        "Mercury": 2439.7,
        "Venus": 6051.8,
        "Mars": 3396.2,
        "Jupiter": 71492,
        "Saturn": 60268,
        "Uranus": 25559,
        "Neptune": 24764,
        "Pluto": 1188.3
      },
      "synodic_month_days": 29.530588853,
      "mean_earth_radius_km": 6371,
      "mean_earth_radius_note": "The scale for distance_earth_radii on /v2/apsides. It is the MEAN radius; body_radius_km holds equatorial radii, which is the right constant for angular size and the wrong one for a distance ratio.",
      "stationary_band_deg_per_day": 0.0005,
      "stationary_band_note": "A planet whose apparent geocentric ecliptic longitude is changing more slowly than this is reported as apparent_motion \"stationary\". It is deliberately narrow: Saturn 18 days before a station moves at -0.0035 deg per day, which is a real motion and not noise, so the band covers only the hours either side of a true station. is_retrograde stays a strict test on the sign of the rate, so the two-state answer is always available beside the three-state one."
    },
    "non_goals": [
      {
        "code": "satellites",
        "reason": "Satellite passes need TLEs that decay within days. Serving them is a permanent data-operations commitment and a stale answer is worse than no answer."
      },
      {
        "code": "minor_planets",
        "reason": "The MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine has no minor-planet ephemeris, and CycleCalcs will not add a copyleft or paid ephemeris to provide one."
      },
      {
        "code": "polar_motion",
        "reason": "Milliarcsecond-class corrections are beyond the accuracy this API claims."
      },
      {
        "code": "interpretation",
        "reason": "This API returns angles, times and names. It attaches no meaning to any of them."
      }
    ]
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/conventions",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#conventions",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#conventions"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/enums",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "format": "json",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "set": "moon_phase_names",
    "endpoint": null,
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "sets": {
      "moon_phase_names": [
        {
          "code": "new_moon",
          "label": "New Moon",
          "emoji": "🌑",
          "phase_angle_from_deg": 348.75,
          "phase_angle_to_deg": 11.25
        },
        {
          "code": "waxing_crescent",
          "label": "Waxing Crescent",
          "emoji": "🌒",
          "phase_angle_from_deg": 11.25,
          "phase_angle_to_deg": 78.75
        },
        {
          "code": "first_quarter",
          "label": "First Quarter",
          "emoji": "🌓",
          "phase_angle_from_deg": 78.75,
          "phase_angle_to_deg": 101.25
        },
        {
          "code": "waxing_gibbous",
          "label": "Waxing Gibbous",
          "emoji": "🌔",
          "phase_angle_from_deg": 101.25,
          "phase_angle_to_deg": 168.75
        },
        "... 4 more rows omitted for length ..."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "frame_identifiers": "The frame IDENTIFIERS eqj, eqd, ect, ecl, hor and gal are defined at /v2/conventions under frames. They are not accepted values of the frames parameter, which takes the frames_parameter set.",
      "rise_set_special": "rise_set.special is nullable: the two codes in the rise_set_special set are the only non-null values, and null means neither polar condition applies.",
      "known_unreachable": "On warning_codes and error_codes, known_unreachable true means this version cannot produce the code and names the surface it belongs to. False means it is not known to be unreachable, which is weaker than a promise that you can reach it.",
      "hemisphere": "The hemisphere parameter selects the phase EMOJI only. It does not affect limb orientation: that comes from bright_limb.orientation_angle_deg, which is derived from the observer position and is already correct in either hemisphere."
    },
    "set_scope": {
      "moon_phase_names": [
        "/v2/moon",
        "/v2/today"
      ]
    }
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/enums?set=moon_phase_names",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#enums",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#enums"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/attribution",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "endpoint": "/v2/moon",
    "format": "json",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "rights": "conditional",
    "rights_statement": "The numbers in a CycleCalcs API response are computed astronomical facts. You may use, store, cache, publish, redistribute and build commercial products on them, without restriction, without a license and without attribution.",
    "rights_note": "Unrestricted for every response that did not resolve a place name. Each response states its own position in meta.rights, which is the authority for that response.",
    "per_response_authority": "meta.rights and meta.attribution on the response itself are authoritative for that response. This document describes what each endpoint CAN draw on.",
    "source_key_note": "Each source carries both license and licence with identical values. spec-00 fixes meta.engine.license and the GeoNames register entry is specified with licence, so the API genuinely contains both spellings; publishing both here means neither is a dead key.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "dataset": "Astronomy Engine",
        "holder": "Don Cross",
        "version": "2.1.19",
        "role": "ephemeris",
        "licence": "MIT",
        "licence_url": "https://github.com/cosinekitty/astronomy/blob/master/LICENSE",
        "credit": "astronomy-engine (MIT, Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Don Cross)",
        "url": "https://github.com/cosinekitty/astronomy",
        "obligation": "None on API output. The MIT notice binds this repository, which carries it with the vendored source, and imposes nothing on a caller who uses the numbers.",
        "conditional": false,
        "license": "MIT",
        "license_url": "https://github.com/cosinekitty/astronomy/blob/master/LICENSE"
      },
      {
        "dataset": "IANA Time Zone Database",
        "holder": "IANA",
        "version": null,
        "role": "time zone offsets and DST transitions",
        "licence": "Public domain",
        "licence_url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones",
        "credit": "Time zone data from the IANA Time Zone Database (public domain).",
        "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones",
        "obligation": "None. The database is dedicated to the public domain. The release that produced a given response is reported in meta.tzdb.",
        "conditional": false,
        "license": "Public domain",
        "license_url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
      },
      {
        "dataset": "GeoNames place index",
        "holder": "GeoNames",
        "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
        "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "credit": "Place names and coordinates from GeoNames (geonames.org), CC BY 4.0.",
        "url": "https://www.geonames.org/",
        "version": null,
        "role": "place-name lookup",
        "obligation": "Attribution required. A response that resolved a place name carries rights attribution_required and the ready-to-paste credit line in meta.attribution.text; reproduce that line wherever you publish the result.",
        "conditional": true,
        "available": true,
        "unavailable_reason": null,
        "license": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
      }
    ],
    "endpoints": {
      "/v2/moon": {
        "rights": "conditional",
        "rights_note": "Unrestricted unless this response resolved a place name, in which case meta.rights on that response reads attribution_required.",
        "sources": [
          "Astronomy Engine",
          "IANA Time Zone Database",
          "GeoNames place index"
        ],
        "conditional_sources": [
          {
            "dataset": "GeoNames place index",
            "available": true,
            "reason": null
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "generated_from": "netlify/lib/v2/attribution.mjs, derived from the route table in netlify/lib/v2/registry.mjs"
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/attribution?endpoint=%2Fv2%2Fmoon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#attribution",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "notice": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/methodology.html#data-sources"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#attribution"
}

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/positions",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-07-28T21:30:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": 51.4778,
    "longitude": -0.0015,
    "elevation_m": 11,
    "tz": "Europe/London",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 3600,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+01:00",
    "is_dst": true,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "refraction": "normal",
    "frames": "standard",
    "frame": "geocentric",
    "bodies": [
      "Sun",
      "Moon"
    ],
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "instant": "2026-07-28T22:30:00.000+01:00",
    "bodies": [
      {
        "name": "Sun",
        "code": "sun",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Cancer",
          "abbreviation": "Cnc"
        },
        "tropical_sign": {
          "name": "Leo",
          "code": "leo",
          "sign_index": 4,
          "degree_in_sign": 5.821354,
          "degree_in_sign_whole": 5
        },
        "magnitude": -26.71,
        "position": {
          "equatorial": {
            "j2000": {
              "ra_hours": 8.520511,
              "ra_string": "08h 31m 13.8s",
              "dec_deg": 18.903245,
              "dec_string": "+18 54 11.7"
            },
            "of_date": {
              "ra_hours": 8.546074,
              "ra_string": "08h 32m 45.9s",
              "dec_deg": 18.813227,
              "dec_string": "+18 48 47.6"
            }
          },
          "ecliptic": {
            "true_of_date": {
              "longitude_deg": 125.820964,
              "latitude_deg": -0.00227
            }
          },
          "horizontal": {
            "azimuth_deg": 322.385058,
            "compass": "NW",
            "altitude_refracted_deg": -11.261975,
            "altitude_unrefracted_deg": -11.829877,
            "refraction_deg": 0.567902,
            "hour_angle_hours": 9.39122,
            "parallactic_angle_deg": 23.67781
          },
          "distance_au": 1.015332,
          "distance_km": 151891533.811791,
          "distance_light_minutes": 8.44426,
          "origin": "topocentric",
          "observer_height_m": 11
        },
        "angular_diameter_arcsec": 1890.306904,
        "angular_diameter_basis": "topocentric",
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 0,
        "ecliptic_separation_from_sun_deg": 0,
        "is_up": false
      },
      {
        "name": "Moon",
        "code": "moon",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Sagittarius",
          "abbreviation": "Sgr"
        },
        "tropical_sign": {
          "name": "Capricorn",
          "code": "capricorn",
          "sign_index": 9,
          "degree_in_sign": 27.844403,
          "degree_in_sign_whole": 27
        },
        "magnitude": -12.37,
        "position": {
          "equatorial": {
            "j2000": {
              "ra_hours": 20.030381,
              "ra_string": "20h 01m 49.4s",
              "dec_deg": -24.232495,
              "dec_string": "-24 13 57.0"
            },
            "of_date": {
              "ra_hours": 20.057112,
              "ra_string": "20h 03m 25.6s",
              "dec_deg": -24.158391,
              "dec_string": "-24 09 30.2"
            }
          },
          "ecliptic": {
            "true_of_date": {
              "longitude_deg": 297.964976,
              "latitude_deg": -3.666185
            }
          },
          "horizontal": {
            "azimuth_deg": 150.838906,
            "compass": "SSE",
            "altitude_refracted_deg": 9.464547,
            "altitude_unrefracted_deg": 9.368919,
            "refraction_deg": 0.095628,
            "hour_angle_hours": 21.880181,
            "parallactic_angle_deg": -19.427218
          },
          "distance_au": 0.002676,
          "distance_km": 400282.267423,
          "distance_light_minutes": 0.022253,
          "origin": "topocentric",
          "observer_height_m": 11
        },
        "position_geocentric": {
          "equatorial": {
            "j2000": {
              "ra_hours": 20.008787,
              "ra_string": "20h 00m 31.6s",
              "dec_deg": -23.386841,
              "dec_string": "-23 23 12.6"
            },
            "of_date": {
              "ra_hours": 20.035378,
              "ra_string": "20h 02m 07.4s",
              "dec_deg": -23.313471,
              "dec_string": "-23 18 48.5"
            }
          },
          "ecliptic": {
            "true_of_date": {
              "longitude_deg": 297.844403,
              "latitude_deg": -2.778232
            }
          },
          "distance_au": 0.002683,
          "distance_km": 401385.491484,
          "distance_light_minutes": 0.022315,
          "origin": "geocentric"
        },
        "parallax_deg": 0.896076,
        "angular_diameter_arcsec": 1790.564453,
        "angular_diameter_basis": "topocentric",
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 171.55606,
        "ecliptic_separation_from_sun_deg": 172.023049,
        "is_up": true,
        "magnitude_extrapolated": false
      }
    ]
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/positions?at=2026-07-28T21%3A30%3A00Z&bodies=sun%2Cmoon&elevation_m=11&lat=51.4778&lon=-0.0015&tz=Europe%2FLondon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#positions",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/today.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#positions"
}

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/rise-set",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-12-20T23:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": 69.6492,
    "longitude": 18.9553,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "Europe/Oslo",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 3600,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+01:00",
    "is_dst": false,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "day_anchor": "civil",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "search_horizon_days": 400,
    "horizon": null,
    "body": "Moon",
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "window": {
      "start": "2026-12-21T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "end": "2026-12-22T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "anchor": "civil",
      "length_minutes": 1440,
      "local_date": "2026-12-21",
      "weekday": {
        "iso_weekday": 1,
        "name": "Monday"
      }
    },
    "body": {
      "name": "Moon",
      "code": "moon",
      "rise_set": {
        "status": "always_up",
        "status_label": "Above the horizon throughout",
        "events": [
          {
            "kind": "lower_transit",
            "instant": "2026-12-21T08:53:11.340+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 359.999969,
            "altitude_deg": 1.903524
          },
          {
            "kind": "upper_transit",
            "instant": "2026-12-21T21:23:34.410+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 179.999965,
            "altitude_deg": 44.47149
          }
        ],
        "rise": [],
        "set": [],
        "transit": [
          "2026-12-21T21:23:34.410+01:00"
        ],
        "above_horizon_minutes": 1440,
        "next_rise": "2026-12-26T16:11:26.122+01:00",
        "next_set": "2026-12-26T12:40:46.755+01:00"
      },
      "event_altitude_deg": null,
      "event_definition": "upper limb at the horizon, with topocentric parallax and refraction applied by the engine's own rise and set search"
    }
  },
  "warnings": [
    {
      "code": "no_search_result",
      "message": "No rise or set occurs inside this window. The next rise and set outside it are reported as next_rise and next_set.",
      "field": "body.rise_set.events",
      "value": null
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/rise-set?at=2026-12-21&body=moon&lat=69.6492&lon=18.9553&tz=Europe%2FOslo",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#rise-set",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/moon-phase-calendar.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#rise-set"
}

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/sun",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-07-26T23:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": 51.4778,
    "longitude": -0.0015,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "Europe/London",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 3600,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+01:00",
    "is_dst": true,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "day_anchor": "civil",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "depressions": [
      17,
      18
    ],
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "window": {
      "start": "2026-07-27T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "end": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "anchor": "civil",
      "length_minutes": 1440,
      "local_date": "2026-07-27"
    },
    "rise_set": {
      "status": "normal",
      "status_label": "Rises and sets",
      "special": null,
      "events": [
        {
          "kind": "lower_transit",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T01:06:33.968+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 359.999871,
          "altitude_deg": -18.760103
        },
        {
          "kind": "rise",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T05:16:24.053+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 56.865506,
          "altitude_deg": -0.833319
        },
        {
          "kind": "upper_transit",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T13:06:33.641+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 179.999986,
          "altitude_deg": 57.668931
        },
        {
          "kind": "set",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T20:55:46.275+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 302.865705,
          "altitude_deg": -0.833302
        }
      ],
      "rise": [
        "2026-07-27T05:16:24.053+01:00"
      ],
      "set": [
        "2026-07-27T20:55:46.275+01:00"
      ],
      "transit": [
        "2026-07-27T13:06:33.641+01:00"
      ],
      "above_horizon_minutes": 939.4
    },
    "solar_noon": "2026-07-27T13:06:33.641+01:00",
    "solar_noon_altitude_deg": 57.668931,
    "solar_noon_altitude_refracted_deg": 57.668931,
    "solar_noon_altitude_unrefracted_deg": 57.658234,
    "solar_noon_azimuth_deg": 179.999986,
    "solar_midnight": "2026-07-27T01:06:33.968+01:00",
    "solar_midnight_altitude_deg": -18.760103,
    "solar_midnight_altitude_refracted_deg": -18.760103,
    "solar_midnight_altitude_unrefracted_deg": -19.273925,
    "day_length": "15h 39m",
    "day_length_minutes": 939.4,
    "day_length_seconds": 56362,
    "day_length_change_from_yesterday_seconds": -173,
    "twilight": {
      "civil": {
        "dawn": "2026-07-27T04:34:35.804+01:00",
        "dusk": "2026-07-27T21:37:19.101+01:00",
        "altitude_deg": -6,
        "definition": "The band runs from -6 to -0.8333 degrees of unrefracted solar altitude. dawn and dusk are the instants the Sun crosses -6 deg, and the two duration fields are the time the Sun spends inside this band, not the time until sunrise or since sunset.",
        "duration_morning_minutes": 41.8,
        "duration_evening_minutes": 41.5
      },
      "nautical": {
        "dawn": "2026-07-27T03:37:13.807+01:00",
        "dusk": "2026-07-27T22:34:05.860+01:00",
        "altitude_deg": -12,
        "definition": "The band runs from -12 to -6 degrees of unrefracted solar altitude. dawn and dusk are the instants the Sun crosses -12 deg, and the two duration fields are the time the Sun spends inside this band, not the time until sunrise or since sunset.",
        "duration_morning_minutes": 57.4,
        "duration_evening_minutes": 56.8
      },
      "astronomical": {
        "dawn": "2026-07-27T02:08:20.059+01:00",
        "dusk": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.620+01:00",
        "altitude_deg": -18,
        "definition": "The band runs from -18 to -12 degrees of unrefracted solar altitude. dawn and dusk are the instants the Sun crosses -18 deg, and the two duration fields are the time the Sun spends inside this band, not the time until sunrise or since sunset.",
        "duration_morning_minutes": 88.9,
        "duration_evening_minutes": 85.9
      }
    },
    "custom": [
      {
        "depression_deg": 17,
        "dawn": "2026-07-27T02:29:19.712+01:00",
        "dusk": "2026-07-27T23:40:16.028+01:00"
      },
      {
        "depression_deg": 18,
        "dawn": "2026-07-27T02:08:20.059+01:00",
        "dusk": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.620+01:00"
      }
    ],
    "golden_hour": {
      "morning": {
        "begin": "2026-07-27T04:51:20.827+01:00",
        "end": "2026-07-27T06:06:20.727+01:00"
      },
      "evening": {
        "begin": "2026-07-27T20:06:02.103+01:00",
        "end": "2026-07-27T21:20:41.026+01:00"
      },
      "definition": "Sun center from -4 degrees to +6 degrees."
    },
    "blue_hour": {
      "morning": {
        "begin": "2026-07-27T04:34:35.804+01:00",
        "end": "2026-07-27T04:51:20.827+01:00"
      },
      "evening": {
        "begin": "2026-07-27T21:20:41.026+01:00",
        "end": "2026-07-27T21:37:19.101+01:00"
      },
      "definition": "Sun center from -6 degrees to -4 degrees."
    },
    "night_begins": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.620+01:00",
    "night_ends": "2026-07-28T02:13:33.966+01:00",
    "dark_minutes": 133.6,
    "position_now": {
      "instant": "2026-07-27T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "basis": "requested_instant",
      "basis_definition": "Evaluated at the instant you asked for.",
      "azimuth_deg": 343.506487,
      "compass": "NNW",
      "altitude_refracted_deg": -17.250725,
      "altitude_unrefracted_deg": -17.775433,
      "refraction_deg": 0.524708,
      "declination_of_date_deg": 19.258698,
      "hour_angle_hours": 10.890579,
      "shadow_length_multiplier": null,
      "is_up": false
    },
    "tropical_sign": {
      "name": "Leo",
      "code": "leo",
      "sign_index": 4,
      "degree_in_sign": 3.970335,
      "degree_in_sign_whole": 3
    },
    "constellation": {
      "name": "Cancer",
      "abbreviation": "Cnc"
    },
    "summary": "The Sun rises at 05:16 and sets at 20:55 local time, giving 15 hours 39 minutes of daylight."
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/sun?at=2026-07-27&depressions=17%2C18&lat=51.4778&lon=-0.0015&tz=Europe%2FLondon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#sun",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/sunrise-sunset-calculator.html",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/learn/seasons.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#sun"
}

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/moon",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-07-27T21:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": 51.4778,
    "longitude": -0.0015,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "Europe/London",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 3600,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+01:00",
    "is_dst": true,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "day_anchor": "civil",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "hemisphere": "north",
    "next_phases": 4,
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "phase": {
      "name": "Waxing Gibbous",
      "code": "waxing_gibbous",
      "emoji": "🌔",
      "waxing": true,
      "phase_angle_deg": 160.701388,
      "phase_angle_convention": "Apparent ecliptic longitude of the Moon minus the Sun's, as /v2/positions reports them, 0 to 360 degrees: 0 at new moon, 180 at full moon.",
      "illumination_phase_angle_deg": 19.583557,
      "illumination_phase_angle_convention": "Illumination().phase_angle: 0 to 180 degrees of Sun-Moon-Earth angle, 0 at full moon and 180 at new moon. This is a different quantity from phase_angle_deg and the two are intentionally both returned.",
      "illuminated_fraction": 0.971077,
      "illumination_percent": 97.1,
      "age_days": 13.47,
      "age_definition": "Elapsed days since the PREVIOUS new moon, found by the same phase search that produces next_phases. next_phases lists only future phases, so it does not contain this instant.",
      "age_days_mean_rate_proxy": 13.18,
      "day_of_cycle": 14,
      "cycle_length_days": 29.53,
      "lunation_number": 1281
    },
    "bright_limb": {
      "position_angle_deg": 250.213632,
      "definition": "Position angle of the midpoint of the bright limb, measured from the celestial north pole eastward, at the topocentric place.",
      "parallactic_angle_deg": -16.63163,
      "orientation_angle_deg": 266.845262,
      "orientation_definition": "position_angle_deg minus parallactic_angle_deg, normalized to [0, 360). It is the angle from the observer zenith direction to the midpoint of the bright limb, measured in the same sense as position_angle_deg, which runs counterclockwise in the observer direct view. The zenith sits at position angle parallactic_angle_deg from the body, so to turn a graphic drawn with celestial north up into the observer view, rotate the graphic CLOCKWISE by parallactic_angle_deg (equivalently, counterclockwise by minus parallactic_angle_deg); that brings the zenith to the top, and the bright limb then sits at orientation_angle_deg from vertical in that view. parallactic_angle_deg is positive when the body is west of the meridian."
    },
    "magnitude": -12.07,
    "distance_km": 402537.781575,
    "distance_au": 0.002691,
    "distance_basis": "topocentric",
    "angular_diameter_arcsec": 1780.531436,
    "fraction_of_mean_distance": 1.049656,
    "fraction_of_mean_distance_definition": "The geocentric Earth-Moon center distance divided by the mean distance of 384400 km. Geocentric by construction, so it is a property of the orbit and does not change with the observer.",
    "libration": {
      "longitude_deg": -1.393486,
      "latitude_deg": 4.8144,
      "favoured_limb": "west",
      "note": "The value is the sub-Earth selenographic longitude, positive east under the IAU convention. Positive favours the eastern limb, the Mare Crisium side; negative favours the western limb, toward Grimaldi and Mare Orientale. Selenographic east is the opposite side of the disk from sky east. A value within 0.5 deg of zero is reported as none, because no limb is meaningfully favoured there."
    },
    "tropical_sign": {
      "name": "Capricorn",
      "code": "capricorn",
      "sign_index": 9,
      "degree_in_sign": 15.547339,
      "degree_in_sign_whole": 15
    },
    "constellation": {
      "name": "Sagittarius",
      "abbreviation": "Sgr"
    },
    "position_geocentric": {
      "equatorial": {
        "j2000": {
          "ra_hours": 19.128396,
          "ra_string": "19h 07m 42.2s",
          "dec_deg": -26.20588,
          "dec_string": "-26 12 21.2"
        },
        "of_date": {
          "ra_hours": 19.155938,
          "ra_string": "19h 09m 21.4s",
          "dec_deg": -26.164053,
          "dec_string": "-26 09 50.6"
        }
      },
      "ecliptic": {
        "true_of_date": {
          "longitude_deg": 285.547339,
          "latitude_deg": -3.657035
        }
      },
      "distance_au": 0.002697,
      "distance_km": 403487.958468,
      "distance_light_minutes": 0.022432,
      "origin": "geocentric"
    },
    "position_topocentric": {
      "equatorial": {
        "j2000": {
          "ra_hours": 19.147333,
          "ra_string": "19h 08m 50.4s",
          "dec_deg": -27.063885,
          "dec_string": "-27 03 50.0"
        },
        "of_date": {
          "ra_hours": 19.175046,
          "ra_string": "19h 10m 30.2s",
          "dec_deg": -27.021347,
          "dec_string": "-27 01 16.8"
        }
      },
      "ecliptic": {
        "true_of_date": {
          "longitude_deg": 285.699481,
          "latitude_deg": -4.538859
        }
      },
      "horizontal": {
        "azimuth_deg": 155.833709,
        "compass": "SSE",
        "altitude_refracted_deg": 8.0767,
        "altitude_unrefracted_deg": 7.966301,
        "refraction_deg": 0.1104,
        "hour_angle_hours": 22.195167,
        "parallactic_angle_deg": -16.63163
      },
      "distance_au": 0.002691,
      "distance_km": 402537.781575,
      "distance_light_minutes": 0.022379,
      "origin": "topocentric",
      "observer_height_m": 0
    },
    "parallax_deg": 0.894786,
    "window": {
      "start": "2026-07-27T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "end": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "anchor": "civil",
      "length_minutes": 1440,
      "local_date": "2026-07-27"
    },
    "rise_set": {
      "status": "normal",
      "status_label": "Rises and sets",
      "events": [
        {
          "kind": "set",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T02:22:25.372+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 221.893771,
          "altitude_deg": -0.812725
        },
        {
          "kind": "lower_transit",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T11:25:36.265+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 359.999924,
          "altitude_deg": -65.724579
        },
        {
          "kind": "rise",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T20:18:10.111+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 135.541538,
          "altitude_deg": -0.813389
        },
        {
          "kind": "upper_transit",
          "instant": "2026-07-27T23:50:52.805+01:00",
          "azimuth_deg": 179.999798,
          "altitude_deg": 11.724039
        }
      ],
      "rise": [
        "2026-07-27T20:18:10.111+01:00"
      ],
      "set": [
        "2026-07-27T02:22:25.372+01:00"
      ],
      "transit": [
        "2026-07-27T23:50:52.805+01:00"
      ],
      "above_horizon_minutes": 364.3
    },
    "event_definition": "upper limb at the horizon, with topocentric parallax and refraction applied by the engine's own rise and set search",
    "next_phases": [
      {
        "code": "full_moon",
        "name": "Full Moon",
        "instant": "2026-07-29T15:35:42.204+01:00",
        "days_until": 1.73
      },
      {
        "code": "last_quarter",
        "name": "Last Quarter",
        "instant": "2026-08-06T03:21:27.594+01:00",
        "days_until": 9.22
      },
      {
        "code": "new_moon",
        "name": "New Moon",
        "instant": "2026-08-12T18:36:41.553+01:00",
        "days_until": 15.86
      },
      {
        "code": "first_quarter",
        "name": "First Quarter",
        "instant": "2026-08-20T03:46:20.653+01:00",
        "days_until": 23.24
      }
    ],
    "summary": "The Moon is a waxing gibbous, 97.1 percent lit, 13.5 days into its cycle. It sets at 02:22 and rises at 20:18 local time.",
    "magnitude_extrapolated": false
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/moon?at=2026-07-27T21%3A00%3A00Z&lat=51.4778&lon=-0.0015&tz=Europe%2FLondon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#moon",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/moon-phase-calendar.html",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/learn/moon-phases.html",
    "related": [
      {
        "rel": "cycle",
        "title": "The synodic month",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/synodic-month.html"
      },
      {
        "rel": "cycle",
        "title": "The anomalistic month",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/anomalistic-month.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#moon"
}

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/time",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-07-27T12:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": 51.4778,
    "longitude": -0.0015,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "UTC",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 0,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+00:00",
    "is_dst": false,
    "timezone_source": "default",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "scales": {
      "utc": "2026-07-27T12:00:00.000Z",
      "ut1": "2026-07-27T12:00:00.000Z",
      "ut1_note": "Treated as equal to UTC. UT1 minus UTC stays under 0.9 s, the bound on this reading.",
      "tai": "2026-07-27T12:00:37.000",
      "tt": "2026-07-27T12:01:09.171",
      "scale_reading_note": "utc and ut1 are instants and carry the Z designator. tt and tai are readings of the same instant on their own time scales, so they carry no designator: a trailing Z would assert that the reading is UTC, which it is not. Convert with delta_t_seconds and tai_minus_utc_seconds.",
      "delta_t_seconds": 69.17145,
      "delta_t_model": "IERS, Espenak-Meeus",
      "tai_minus_utc_seconds": 37,
      "tai_source": "leap_second_table",
      "tt_source": "engine_delta_t_model",
      "tt_minus_tai_seconds": 32.17145,
      "tt_minus_tai_definition_seconds": 32.184,
      "delta_t_model_residual_seconds": -0.013,
      "delta_t_model_residual_note": "TT minus TAI is 32.184 s by definition. This residual is the delta-T model's departure from the leap-second chain at this instant. TT is reported from the model because that is the time scale the positions were computed at, and TAI from the leap-second table because that is what defines it."
    },
    "julian": {
      "julian_day": 2461249,
      "julian_day_tt": 2461249.0008005956,
      "modified_julian_day": 61248.5,
      "j2000_days": 9704,
      "julian_centuries_j2000": 0.2656810403832991,
      "note": "This is the astronomical Julian Day Number, whose epoch is -4712-01-01T12:00:00 in the proleptic Julian calendar. It is not the ordinal day-of-year that some business systems also call a Julian date."
    },
    "sidereal": {
      "greenwich_apparent_hours": 8.345671,
      "greenwich_apparent_string": "08h 20m 44.4s",
      "greenwich_mean_hours": 8.345511,
      "greenwich_mean_string": "08h 20m 43.8s",
      "equation_of_equinoxes_seconds": 0.5751,
      "local_apparent_hours": 8.345571,
      "local_apparent_string": "08h 20m 44.1s",
      "local_mean_hours": 8.345411,
      "local_mean_string": "08h 20m 43.5s",
      "note": "Greenwich apparent sidereal time comes directly from the engine. Greenwich mean sidereal time is that value minus the equation of the equinoxes. Local values add the observer's east longitude in hours."
    },
    "solar": {
      "mean_solar_time_hours": 11.9999,
      "mean_solar_time_string": "12:00:00",
      "apparent_solar_time_hours": 11.890649,
      "apparent_solar_time_string": "11:53:26",
      "equation_of_time_minutes": -6.555071,
      "equation_of_time_note": "Apparent solar time minus mean solar time. Negative means a sundial reads behind the clock. It is a property of the Sun and the date, not of the observer, so it does not depend on lat or lon.",
      "sun_declination_of_date_deg": 19.139138,
      "sun_greenwich_hour_angle_deg": 358.361232,
      "sun_local_hour_angle_deg": 358.359732,
      "local_apparent_noon": "2026-07-27T12:06:33.641Z"
    },
    "weekday": {
      "local": {
        "date": "2026-07-27",
        "iso_weekday": 1,
        "name": "Monday"
      },
      "utc": {
        "date": "2026-07-27",
        "iso_weekday": 1,
        "name": "Monday"
      }
    }
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/time?at=2026-07-27T12%3A00%3A00Z&lat=51.4778&lon=-0.0015",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#time",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/local-sidereal-time.html",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/learn/sidereal-solar-day.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#time"
}

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/today",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-07-28T21:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": 51.4778,
    "longitude": -0.0015,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "Europe/London",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 3600,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+01:00",
    "is_dst": true,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "day_anchor": "civil",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "include": [
      "sun",
      "moon",
      "planets",
      "events",
      "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "local_date": "2026-07-28",
    "sun": {
      "rise_set": {
        "status": "normal",
        "status_label": "Rises and sets",
        "special": null,
        "events": [
          {
            "kind": "lower_transit",
            "instant": "2026-07-28T01:06:33.104+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 359.999874,
            "altitude_deg": -18.989519
          },
          {
            "kind": "rise",
            "instant": "2026-07-28T05:17:50.623+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 57.279319,
            "altitude_deg": -0.833326
          },
          {
            "kind": "upper_transit",
            "instant": "2026-07-28T13:06:32.472+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 179.999991,
            "altitude_deg": 57.43864
          },
          {
            "kind": "set",
            "instant": "2026-07-28T20:54:16.599+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 302.447494,
            "altitude_deg": -0.833302
          }
        ],
        "rise": [
          "2026-07-28T05:17:50.623+01:00"
        ],
        "set": [
          "2026-07-28T20:54:16.599+01:00"
        ],
        "transit": [
          "2026-07-28T13:06:32.472+01:00"
        ],
        "above_horizon_minutes": 936.4
      },
      "day_length": "15h 36m",
      "day_length_minutes": 936.4,
      "civil_dusk": "2026-07-28T21:35:35.041+01:00",
      "astronomical_dusk": "2026-07-28T23:55:02.020+01:00",
      "is_up": false,
      "altitude_refracted_deg": -8.179048,
      "azimuth_deg": 315.874249
    },
    "moon": {
      "phase": {
        "name": "Full Moon",
        "code": "full_moon",
        "emoji": "🌕",
        "illumination_percent": 99.4,
        "waxing": true,
        "age_days": 14.47
      },
      "constellation": {
        "name": "Sagittarius",
        "abbreviation": "Sgr"
      },
      "rise_set": {
        "status": "normal",
        "status_label": "Rises and sets",
        "events": [
          {
            "kind": "set",
            "instant": "2026-07-28T03:29:08.878+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 225.852634,
            "altitude_deg": -0.813717
          },
          {
            "kind": "lower_transit",
            "instant": "2026-07-28T12:15:44.515+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 359.999939,
            "altitude_deg": -63.380249
          },
          {
            "kind": "rise",
            "instant": "2026-07-28T20:46:05.635+01:00",
            "azimuth_deg": 130.062784,
            "altitude_deg": -0.814654
          }
        ],
        "rise": [
          "2026-07-28T20:46:05.635+01:00"
        ],
        "set": [
          "2026-07-28T03:29:08.878+01:00"
        ],
        "transit": [],
        "above_horizon_minutes": 403.1
      },
      "is_up": true,
      "altitude_refracted_deg": 7.009083,
      "azimuth_deg": 144.577525,
      "next_full_moon": "2026-07-29T15:35:42.204+01:00",
      "next_new_moon": "2026-08-12T18:36:41.553+01:00"
    },
    "planets_up": [
      {
        "name": "Venus",
        "code": "venus",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Leo",
          "abbreviation": "Leo"
        },
        "magnitude": -4.29,
        "altitude_refracted_deg": 3.308559,
        "azimuth_deg": 272.336498,
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 44.992296,
        "visibility": "Evening sky, after dusk",
        "visibility_code": "evening_sky",
        "naked_eye": true,
        "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": 7.017111,
        "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": -33.802555,
        "observable_tonight": true
      },
      {
        "name": "Pluto",
        "code": "pluto",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Capricornus",
          "abbreviation": "Cap"
        },
        "magnitude": 14.45,
        "altitude_refracted_deg": 5.107099,
        "azimuth_deg": 138.35641,
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 175.452418,
        "visibility": "Up most of the night",
        "visibility_code": "most_of_night",
        "naked_eye": false,
        "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": 2.554747,
        "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": 1.968705,
        "observable_tonight": true
      }
    ],
    "planets_down": [
      "Mercury",
      "Mars",
      "Jupiter",
      "Saturn",
      "... 2 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "planets_tonight": [
      {
        "name": "Venus",
        "code": "venus",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Leo",
          "abbreviation": "Leo"
        },
        "magnitude": -4.29,
        "naked_eye": true,
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 44.992296,
        "visibility": "Evening sky, after dusk",
        "visibility_code": "evening_sky",
        "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": 7.017111,
        "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": -33.802555
      },
      {
        "name": "Saturn",
        "code": "saturn",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Pisces",
          "abbreviation": "Psc"
        },
        "magnitude": 0.53,
        "naked_eye": true,
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 111.036487,
        "visibility": "Morning sky, before dawn",
        "visibility_code": "morning_sky",
        "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": -14.223194,
        "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": 40.771537
      },
      {
        "name": "Mercury",
        "code": "mercury",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Gemini",
          "abbreviation": "Gem"
        },
        "magnitude": 0.87,
        "naked_eye": true,
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 18.527183,
        "visibility": "Morning sky, before dawn",
        "visibility_code": "morning_sky",
        "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": -12.897916,
        "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": 4.999245
      },
      {
        "name": "Mars",
        "code": "mars",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Taurus",
          "abbreviation": "Tau"
        },
        "magnitude": 1.31,
        "naked_eye": true,
        "elongation_from_sun_deg": 44.85049,
        "visibility": "Morning sky, before dawn",
        "visibility_code": "morning_sky",
        "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": -14.686134,
        "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": 24.676685
      },
      "... 3 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "planets_tonight_basis": {
      "civil_dusk": "2026-07-28T21:35:35.041+01:00",
      "civil_dawn": "2026-07-29T04:37:58.701+01:00",
      "sun_altitude_deg": -6,
      "night": "normal",
      "definition": "Listed when above the horizon at the twilight its elongation puts it in, sampled at these two instants; the rule behind each visibility_code is published at https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/enums?set=visibility_phrases."
    },
    "night": {
      "dark_start": "2026-07-28T23:55:02.020+01:00",
      "dark_end": "2026-07-29T02:18:30.182+01:00",
      "dark_minutes": 143.5,
      "moonless_dark_minutes": 0,
      "verdict": "Bright. The Moon is up through the whole dark window."
    },
    "next_events": [
      {
        "kind": "full_moon",
        "label": "Full Moon",
        "instant": "2026-07-29T15:35:42.204+01:00",
        "days_until": 0.73,
        "scope": "global",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/full-moon-calendar.html"
      },
      {
        "kind": "new_moon",
        "label": "New Moon",
        "instant": "2026-08-12T18:36:41.553+01:00",
        "days_until": 14.86,
        "scope": "global",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/moon-phase-calendar.html"
      },
      {
        "kind": "solar_eclipse",
        "label": "Total solar eclipse somewhere on Earth",
        "instant": "2026-08-12T18:45:53.048+01:00",
        "days_until": 14.9,
        "scope": "global",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/eclipses/",
        "global_kind": "total",
        "hybrid": false
      },
      {
        "kind": "lunar_eclipse",
        "label": "Partial lunar eclipse",
        "instant": "2026-08-28T05:12:55.353+01:00",
        "days_until": 30.3,
        "scope": "global",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/eclipses/",
        "global_kind": "partial"
      }
    ],
    "summary": "The Moon is full, 99 percent lit. Venus is in the evening sky after dusk. Saturn, Mercury, Mars and Uranus are in the morning sky before dawn. The Sun sets at 20:54 and full dark begins at 23:55 local time."
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/today?at=2026-07-28T21%3A00%3A00Z&lat=51.4778&lon=-0.0015&tz=Europe%2FLondon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#today",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/today.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#today"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/seasons",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "start": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "end": "2027-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "range",
    "resolved_from": "start",
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "Europe/London",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 0,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+00:00",
    "is_dst": false,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "hemisphere": "north",
    "include": [
      "events",
      "seasons"
    ],
    "ignored": [],
    "rows": 4
  },
  "data": {
    "window": {
      "start": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000+00:00",
      "end": "2027-01-01T00:00:00.000+00:00",
      "measured_from": "start",
      "length_days": 365
    },
    "hemisphere": "north",
    "hemisphere_note": "Hemisphere selects season NAMES only. Every instant is identical everywhere on Earth, and kind and season_starting_neutral do not change with it.",
    "event_count": 4,
    "events": [
      {
        "kind": "equinox_march",
        "label": "March equinox",
        "instant": "2026-03-20T14:45:40.060+00:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Sun",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 78.6,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-sun.html",
        "solar_longitude_deg": 0,
        "solar_longitude_is_definitional": true,
        "season_starting": "Spring",
        "season_starting_neutral": "March equinox season"
      },
      {
        "kind": "solstice_june",
        "label": "June solstice",
        "instant": "2026-06-21T09:25:14.551+01:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Sun",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 171.4,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-sun.html",
        "solar_longitude_deg": 90,
        "solar_longitude_is_definitional": true,
        "season_starting": "Summer",
        "season_starting_neutral": "June solstice season"
      },
      {
        "kind": "equinox_september",
        "label": "September equinox",
        "instant": "2026-09-23T01:05:46.692+01:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Sun",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 265,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-sun.html",
        "solar_longitude_deg": 180,
        "solar_longitude_is_definitional": true,
        "season_starting": "Autumn",
        "season_starting_neutral": "September equinox season"
      },
      {
        "kind": "solstice_december",
        "label": "December solstice",
        "instant": "2026-12-21T20:50:20.387+00:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Sun",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 354.9,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-sun.html",
        "solar_longitude_deg": 270,
        "solar_longitude_is_definitional": true,
        "season_starting": "Winter",
        "season_starting_neutral": "December solstice season"
      }
    ],
    "seasons": [
      {
        "name": "Spring",
        "name_neutral": "March equinox season",
        "starts_with": "equinox_march",
        "ends_with": "solstice_june",
        "start": "2026-03-20T14:45:40.060+00:00",
        "end": "2026-06-21T09:25:14.551+01:00",
        "length_days": 92.7358,
        "ends_inside_window": true
      },
      {
        "name": "Summer",
        "name_neutral": "June solstice season",
        "starts_with": "solstice_june",
        "ends_with": "equinox_september",
        "start": "2026-06-21T09:25:14.551+01:00",
        "end": "2026-09-23T01:05:46.692+01:00",
        "length_days": 93.6531,
        "ends_inside_window": true
      },
      {
        "name": "Autumn",
        "name_neutral": "September equinox season",
        "starts_with": "equinox_september",
        "ends_with": "solstice_december",
        "start": "2026-09-23T01:05:46.692+01:00",
        "end": "2026-12-21T20:50:20.387+00:00",
        "length_days": 89.8643,
        "ends_inside_window": true
      },
      {
        "name": "Winter",
        "name_neutral": "December solstice season",
        "starts_with": "solstice_december",
        "ends_with": "equinox_march",
        "start": "2026-12-21T20:50:20.387+00:00",
        "end": "2027-03-20T20:24:47.804+00:00",
        "length_days": 88.9823,
        "ends_inside_window": false
      }
    ],
    "season_length_definition": "The difference between the two bounding instants, in days to four decimals. It is never the tropical year divided by four and never a count of calendar days.",
    "spread_days": 4.6708,
    "spread_note": "The longest season minus the shortest, over the four seasons that START inside this window, each measured over its full length. The seasons are unequal because Earth moves faster near perihelion, and this difference is the visible size of that effect."
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/seasons?end=2027-01-01&start=2026-01-01&tz=Europe%2FLondon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#seasons",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/seasons/",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/learn/seasons.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#seasons"
}

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/apsides",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "start": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "end": "2026-04-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "range",
    "resolved_from": "start",
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "UTC",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 0,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+00:00",
    "is_dst": false,
    "timezone_source": "default",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "bodies": [
      "Moon",
      "Earth"
    ],
    "kind": "all",
    "include": [
      "events"
    ],
    "ignored": [],
    "rows": 8
  },
  "data": {
    "window": {
      "start": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "end": "2026-04-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "measured_from": "start",
      "length_days": 90
    },
    "kind_filter": "all",
    "event_count": 8,
    "events": [
      {
        "kind": "perigee",
        "label": "Moon at perigee, 360,336 km",
        "instant": "2026-01-01T21:44:31.471Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Moon",
        "value_km": 360336.382703,
        "value_unit": "km",
        "days_from_query": 0.9,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-moon.html",
        "distance_km": 360336.382703,
        "distance_au": 0.002409,
        "distance_earth_radii": 56.558842,
        "distance_earth_radii_basis": "Mean Earth radius 6371 km, published at /v2/conventions."
      },
      {
        "kind": "perihelion",
        "label": "Earth at perihelion, 0.983301 au",
        "instant": "2026-01-03T16:42:15.346Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Earth",
        "value_au": 0.983301,
        "value_unit": "au",
        "days_from_query": 2.7,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-earth.html",
        "distance_km": 147099797.959882,
        "distance_au": 0.983301
      },
      {
        "kind": "apogee",
        "label": "Moon at apogee, 405,429 km",
        "instant": "2026-01-13T20:47:01.554Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Moon",
        "value_km": 405428.59569,
        "value_unit": "km",
        "days_from_query": 12.9,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-moon.html",
        "distance_km": 405428.59569,
        "distance_au": 0.00271,
        "distance_earth_radii": 63.636571,
        "distance_earth_radii_basis": "Mean Earth radius 6371 km, published at /v2/conventions."
      },
      {
        "kind": "perigee",
        "label": "Moon at perigee, 365,860 km",
        "instant": "2026-01-29T21:47:56.074Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Moon",
        "value_km": 365859.872461,
        "value_unit": "km",
        "days_from_query": 28.9,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-moon.html",
        "distance_km": 365859.872461,
        "distance_au": 0.002446,
        "distance_earth_radii": 57.425816,
        "distance_earth_radii_basis": "Mean Earth radius 6371 km, published at /v2/conventions."
      },
      "... 4 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ]
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/apsides?bodies=moon%2Cearth&end=2026-04-01&start=2026-01-01",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#apsides",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/supermoons.html",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/anomalistic-month.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#apsides"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/moon-nodes",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "start": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "end": "2027-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "range",
    "resolved_from": "start",
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "UTC",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 0,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+00:00",
    "is_dst": false,
    "timezone_source": "default",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "node_model": "true",
    "kind": "all",
    "include": [
      "crossings",
      "node_longitude"
    ],
    "ignored": [],
    "rows": 27
  },
  "data": {
    "window": {
      "start": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "end": "2027-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "measured_from": "start",
      "length_days": 365
    },
    "node_model": "true",
    "kind_filter": "all",
    "crossing_count": 27,
    "crossings": [
      {
        "kind": "node_descending",
        "label": "Moon crosses the ecliptic southward, descending node",
        "instant": "2026-01-07T11:22:47.949Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Moon",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 6.5,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-moon.html",
        "node_longitude_deg": 160.281958,
        "node_longitude_model": "true"
      },
      {
        "kind": "node_ascending",
        "label": "Moon crosses the ecliptic northward, ascending node",
        "instant": "2026-01-22T00:02:13.945Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Moon",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 21,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-moon.html",
        "node_longitude_deg": 339.342683,
        "node_longitude_model": "true"
      },
      {
        "kind": "node_descending",
        "label": "Moon crosses the ecliptic southward, descending node",
        "instant": "2026-02-03T19:18:22.082Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Moon",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 33.8,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-moon.html",
        "node_longitude_deg": 159.031379,
        "node_longitude_model": "true"
      },
      {
        "kind": "node_ascending",
        "label": "Moon crosses the ecliptic northward, ascending node",
        "instant": "2026-02-18T06:18:41.989Z",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "body": "Moon",
        "value": null,
        "value_unit": null,
        "days_from_query": 48.3,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/the-moon.html",
        "node_longitude_deg": 338.939211,
        "node_longitude_model": "true"
      },
      "... 23 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "node_longitude": {
      "at": "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "mean_ascending_deg": 342.169211,
      "mean_descending_deg": 162.169211,
      "mean_node_formula": "omega = 125.0445479 - 1934.1362891 T + 0.0020754 T^2 + T^3 / 467441, with T in Julian centuries from J2000.0 TT, wrapped into [0, 360). Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, chapter 47. The T^4 term of the full series contributes under 3e-7 deg across 1700 to 2200 and is omitted so that this API and the CycleCalcs lunar standstill page return the same number.",
      "regression_rate_deg_per_day": -0.052954,
      "regression_rate_deg_per_year": -19.341352,
      "regression_rate_basis": "The derivative of the mean-node polynomial at this instant, converted from degrees per Julian century to per day. v1 publishes a slightly different rounded linear constant; v2 does not use the linear model at all.",
      "full_cycle_years": 18.6129,
      "true_node_note": "Nutation and the Sun's pull make the true node oscillate about the mean node by up to roughly 1.6 deg, with a period near half an eclipse year. Use the true node for eclipse work and the mean node for long-period cycle arithmetic."
    }
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/moon-nodes?end=2027-01-01&start=2026-01-01",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#moon-nodes",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/lunar-standstill.html",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/draconic-month.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#moon-nodes"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/eclipses",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "count": 2,
    "mode": "range",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "latitude": 51.4778,
    "longitude": -0.0015,
    "elevation_m": 11,
    "tz": "UTC",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 0,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+00:00",
    "is_dst": false,
    "timezone_source": "default",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "direction": "next",
    "type": "both",
    "visible_only": false,
    "include": [
      "global",
      "saros",
      "local",
      "contacts"
    ],
    "ignored": [],
    "rows": 4
  },
  "data": {
    "window": {
      "at": "2026-07-28T21:30:00.000Z",
      "measured_from": "at",
      "direction": "next"
    },
    "type": "both",
    "eclipse_count": 4,
    "eclipses": [
      {
        "type": "solar",
        "kind": "total",
        "label": "Solar eclipse (total)",
        "peak": "2026-08-12T17:45:53.048Z",
        "peak_precision_seconds": 1,
        "days_from_reference": 14.844364,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/eclipses/",
        "gamma": 0.897578,
        "gamma_definition": "The perpendicular distance from the Earth's center to the shadow axis, in Earth radii, positive when the axis passes north of the center. The magnitude comes from the engine's own geoid-aware distance and the sign from the shadow geometry.",
        "obscuration_fraction": 1,
        "obscuration_source": "engine",
        "shadow_axis_distance_km": 5724.875907,
        "greatest_eclipse_latitude_deg": 65.215531,
        "greatest_eclipse_longitude_deg": -25.275593,
        "eclipse_magnitude": 1.039988,
        "eclipse_magnitude_phase": "central",
        "saros": {
          "series": 126,
          "member_number": null,
          "member_number_source": "unverified",
          "member_number_blocked_on": "The member number needs the epoch of member 1 of each of the 223 series, which is catalog data. The NASA GSFC five-millennium catalog is the obvious source and is very likely a public-domain United States Government work, but that has not been verified to the standard this project applies to a license question. It is never guessed.",
          "series_definition": "The van den Bergh series number, computed in closed form. Eclipses one saros apart, about 6585.3211 days, share a series and are geometrically similar."
        },
        "local": {
          "visible": true,
          "visibility_extent": "fully_visible",
          "kind": "partial",
          "eclipse_magnitude": 0.92451,
          "obscuration_fraction": 0.912906,
          "obscuration_source": "engine",
          "maximum_above_horizon": true,
          "best_observable": null,
          "magnitude_definition": "The fraction of the Sun's diameter covered at local maximum, which happens with the Sun above your horizon.",
          "contacts": [
            {
              "kind": "first_contact",
              "instant": "2026-08-12T17:17:24.865Z",
              "altitude_deg": 18.959773,
              "azimuth_deg": 270.191754,
              "above_horizon": true
            },
            {
              "kind": "maximum",
              "instant": "2026-08-12T18:13:23.035Z",
              "altitude_deg": 10.328722,
              "azimuth_deg": 280.933754,
              "above_horizon": true
            },
            {
              "kind": "fourth_contact",
              "instant": "2026-08-12T19:06:21.272Z",
              "altitude_deg": 2.574991,
              "azimuth_deg": 291.056407,
              "above_horizon": true
            }
          ],
          "duration_central_seconds": null,
          "duration_central_phase": null,
          "sun_sets_during_eclipse": false,
          "sun_rises_during_eclipse": false,
          "verdict": "This is a partial eclipse from here, covering 92.5 per cent of the Sun's diameter at maximum, with the Sun 10.3 deg above the horizon.",
          "detectable": true,
          "maximum_instant": "2026-08-12T18:13:23.035Z"
        },
        "peak_definition": "Greatest eclipse for the whole Earth, shown in your time zone. It is not when the eclipse peaks where you are: that is local.maximum_instant.",
        "hybrid": false,
        "hybrid_transitions": null,
        "greatest_eclipse_duration_seconds": 138.210958,
        "greatest_eclipse_path_width_km": 292.821209,
        "greatest_eclipse_sun_altitude_deg": 25.814344
      },
      {
        "type": "lunar",
        "kind": "partial",
        "label": "Lunar eclipse (partial)",
        "peak": "2026-08-28T04:12:55.353Z",
        "peak_precision_seconds": 1,
        "days_from_reference": 30.279807,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/eclipses/",
        "durations": {
          "penumbral_minutes": 338.435805,
          "partial_minutes": 198.842995,
          "total_minutes": 0
        },
        "gamma": 0.497203,
        "gamma_definition": "The perpendicular distance from the Earth's shadow axis to the Moon, in Earth radii, positive when the Moon passes north of the axis.",
        "umbral_magnitude": 0.936719,
        "penumbral_magnitude": 1.991408,
        "umbral_obscuration_fraction": 0.966056,
        "obscuration_definition": "The fraction of the lunar disk inside the UMBRA, the Earth's inner shadow. It is 0 for a penumbral eclipse by definition, which does not mean nothing happens: see penumbral_magnitude.",
        "obscuration_source": "engine",
        "contacts_utc": [
          {
            "kind": "penumbral_begin",
            "instant": "2026-08-28T01:23:42.279Z"
          },
          {
            "kind": "partial_begin",
            "instant": "2026-08-28T02:33:30.063Z"
          },
          {
            "kind": "maximum",
            "instant": "2026-08-28T04:12:55.353Z"
          },
          {
            "kind": "partial_end",
            "instant": "2026-08-28T05:52:20.643Z"
          },
          "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
        ],
        "semiduration_penumbral_minutes": 169.217902,
        "semiduration_partial_minutes": 99.421498,
        "semiduration_total_minutes": 0,
        "saros": {
          "series": 138,
          "member_number": null,
          "member_number_source": "unverified",
          "member_number_blocked_on": "The member number needs the epoch of member 1 of each of the 223 series, which is catalog data. The NASA GSFC five-millennium catalog is the obvious source and is very likely a public-domain United States Government work, but that has not been verified to the standard this project applies to a license question. It is never guessed.",
          "series_definition": "The van den Bergh series number, computed in closed form. Eclipses one saros apart, about 6585.3211 days, share a series and are geometrically similar."
        },
        "local": {
          "visible": true,
          "visibility_extent": "partly_visible",
          "moon_altitude_at_maximum_deg": 7.903834,
          "moon_azimuth_at_maximum_deg": 242.929872,
          "visible_contacts": [
            "penumbral_begin",
            "partial_begin",
            "maximum"
          ],
          "contacts": [
            {
              "kind": "penumbral_begin",
              "instant": "2026-08-28T01:23:42.279Z",
              "altitude_deg": 24.849812,
              "azimuth_deg": 204.223409,
              "above_horizon": true
            },
            {
              "kind": "partial_begin",
              "instant": "2026-08-28T02:33:30.063Z",
              "altitude_deg": 19.373916,
              "azimuth_deg": 221.365991,
              "above_horizon": true
            },
            {
              "kind": "maximum",
              "instant": "2026-08-28T04:12:55.353Z",
              "altitude_deg": 7.903834,
              "azimuth_deg": 242.929872,
              "above_horizon": true
            },
            {
              "kind": "partial_end",
              "instant": "2026-08-28T05:52:20.643Z",
              "altitude_deg": -5.561709,
              "azimuth_deg": 262.285829,
              "above_horizon": false
            },
            "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
          ],
          "moonset_during_eclipse": "2026-08-28T05:15:24.422Z",
          "moonrise_during_eclipse": null,
          "verdict": "Part of this eclipse happens with the Moon below your horizon. visible_contacts lists the phases you can actually see.",
          "note": "A lunar eclipse is one event for the whole night side, so the only local question is whether the Moon is above your horizon at each contact. above_horizon says exactly which parts you lose.",
          "detectable": true
        }
      },
      {
        "type": "solar",
        "kind": "annular",
        "label": "Solar eclipse (annular)",
        "peak": "2027-02-06T15:59:39.357Z",
        "peak_precision_seconds": 1,
        "days_from_reference": 192.770594,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/eclipses/",
        "gamma": -0.294995,
        "gamma_definition": "The perpendicular distance from the Earth's center to the shadow axis, in Earth radii, positive when the axis passes north of the center. The magnitude comes from the engine's own geoid-aware distance and the sign from the shadow geometry.",
        "obscuration_fraction": 0.861451,
        "obscuration_source": "engine",
        "shadow_axis_distance_km": 1881.520156,
        "greatest_eclipse_latitude_deg": -31.294889,
        "greatest_eclipse_longitude_deg": -48.491836,
        "eclipse_magnitude": 0.929266,
        "eclipse_magnitude_phase": "central",
        "saros": {
          "series": 131,
          "member_number": null,
          "member_number_source": "unverified",
          "member_number_blocked_on": "The member number needs the epoch of member 1 of each of the 223 series, which is catalog data. The NASA GSFC five-millennium catalog is the obvious source and is very likely a public-domain United States Government work, but that has not been verified to the standard this project applies to a license question. It is never guessed.",
          "series_definition": "The van den Bergh series number, computed in closed form. Eclipses one saros apart, about 6585.3211 days, share a series and are geometrically similar."
        },
        "local": {
          "visible": false,
          "visibility_extent": "not_visible",
          "note": "No part of this eclipse is above the horizon from this location."
        },
        "hybrid": false,
        "hybrid_transitions": null,
        "greatest_eclipse_duration_seconds": 470.798976,
        "greatest_eclipse_path_width_km": 281.282124,
        "greatest_eclipse_sun_altitude_deg": 72.679548
      },
      {
        "type": "lunar",
        "kind": "penumbral",
        "label": "Lunar eclipse (penumbral)",
        "peak": "2027-02-20T23:12:50.552Z",
        "peak_precision_seconds": 1,
        "days_from_reference": 207.071418,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/eclipses/",
        "durations": {
          "penumbral_minutes": 241.734405,
          "partial_minutes": 0,
          "total_minutes": 0
        },
        "gamma": -1.048703,
        "gamma_definition": "The perpendicular distance from the Earth's shadow axis to the Moon, in Earth radii, positive when the Moon passes north of the axis.",
        "umbral_magnitude": -0.049316,
        "penumbral_magnitude": 0.953177,
        "umbral_obscuration_fraction": 0,
        "obscuration_definition": "The fraction of the lunar disk inside the UMBRA, the Earth's inner shadow. It is 0 for a penumbral eclipse by definition, which does not mean nothing happens: see penumbral_magnitude.",
        "obscuration_source": "engine",
        "contacts_utc": [
          {
            "kind": "penumbral_begin",
            "instant": "2027-02-20T21:11:58.520Z"
          },
          {
            "kind": "maximum",
            "instant": "2027-02-20T23:12:50.552Z"
          },
          {
            "kind": "penumbral_end",
            "instant": "2027-02-21T01:13:42.584Z"
          }
        ],
        "semiduration_penumbral_minutes": 120.867203,
        "semiduration_partial_minutes": 0,
        "semiduration_total_minutes": 0,
        "saros": {
          "series": 143,
          "member_number": null,
          "member_number_source": "unverified",
          "member_number_blocked_on": "The member number needs the epoch of member 1 of each of the 223 series, which is catalog data. The NASA GSFC five-millennium catalog is the obvious source and is very likely a public-domain United States Government work, but that has not been verified to the standard this project applies to a license question. It is never guessed.",
          "series_definition": "The van den Bergh series number, computed in closed form. Eclipses one saros apart, about 6585.3211 days, share a series and are geometrically similar."
        },
        "local": {
          "visible": true,
          "visibility_extent": "fully_visible",
          "moon_altitude_at_maximum_deg": 45.921364,
          "moon_azimuth_at_maximum_deg": 158.613283,
          "visible_contacts": [
            "penumbral_begin",
            "maximum",
            "penumbral_end"
          ],
          "contacts": [
            {
              "kind": "penumbral_begin",
              "instant": "2027-02-20T21:11:58.520Z",
              "altitude_deg": 34.780772,
              "azimuth_deg": 122.996985,
              "above_horizon": true
            },
            {
              "kind": "maximum",
              "instant": "2027-02-20T23:12:50.552Z",
              "altitude_deg": 45.921364,
              "azimuth_deg": 158.613283,
              "above_horizon": true
            },
            {
              "kind": "penumbral_end",
              "instant": "2027-02-21T01:13:42.584Z",
              "altitude_deg": 45.447951,
              "azimuth_deg": 200.8105,
              "above_horizon": true
            }
          ],
          "moonset_during_eclipse": null,
          "moonrise_during_eclipse": null,
          "verdict": "The whole eclipse happens with the Moon above your horizon, 45.9 deg up at maximum.",
          "note": "A lunar eclipse is one event for the whole night side, so the only local question is whether the Moon is above your horizon at each contact. above_horizon says exactly which parts you lose.",
          "detectable": true
        }
      }
    ],
    "next_visible": {
      "solar": {
        "same_as_next_global": true,
        "peak": "2026-08-12T18:13:23.035Z",
        "kind": "partial",
        "altitude_deg": 10.328722,
        "maximum_above_horizon": true,
        "obscuration_fraction": 0.912906,
        "eclipse": null
      },
      "lunar": {
        "same_as_next_global": true,
        "peak": "2026-08-28T04:12:55.353Z",
        "kind": "partial",
        "altitude_deg": 7.903833
      }
    },
    "next_visible_note": "A solar eclipse reaches only part of the Earth, so the next eclipse ANYWHERE is usually not the next one you can see. The eclipses array answers the first question and this answers the second.",
    "central_geometry_note": "For every solar eclipse of 1700 to 2200, the contact times in include=local, include=path and the hybrid, hybrid_transitions, greatest_eclipse_duration_seconds, greatest_eclipse_path_width_km and greatest_eclipse_sun_altitude_deg fields come from NASA's Besselian elements for that eclipse (Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses; Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC), evaluated at the IERS delta-T. They use the canon's lunar radii, k2 = 0.272281 Earth equatorial radii (1736.6 km) for totality, the ring, the path and obscuration (so the Sun is 100 percent covered exactly from second contact), and k1 = 0.272488 for first and last contact, on the WGS84 ellipsoid. Two partial eclipses that no place sees with the Sun up, 1718-04-01 and 1787-07-14, have no elements on NASA's pages and keep the engine's own geometry. The greatest_eclipse fields are taken at the engine's point of greatest eclipse, which can sit about 2 km from the canon's; the path width is the width across the track of the band the shadow sweeps, and the Sun altitude is refracted, as in the local blocks. kind is the engine's, classified at greatest eclipse with its polar lunar radius of 1736.0 km, so within a few hundredths of a percent of magnitude 1 the k2 central phase behind the greatest_eclipse fields can be total where kind says annular; hybrid is true only where the k2 state at greatest eclipse agrees with kind.",
    "summary": "The next solar eclipse is on 2026-08-12 and is total where the shadow axis falls. From your location it is partial, covering 92 per cent of the Sun's diameter."
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/eclipses?at=2026-07-28T21%3A30%3A00Z&count=2&elevation_m=11&lat=51.4778&lon=-0.0015",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#eclipses",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/eclipses/",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/learn/eclipses.html"
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#eclipses"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/phases",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "start": "2026-07-28T23:00:00.000Z",
    "end": "2026-08-30T23:00:00.000Z",
    "mode": "range",
    "resolved_from": "start",
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "Europe/London",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 3600,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+01:00",
    "is_dst": true,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "day_anchor": "civil",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "phases": [
      "new_moon",
      "first_quarter",
      "full_moon",
      "last_quarter"
    ],
    "include": [
      "distance",
      "classification",
      "names",
      "eclipse"
    ],
    "rows": 5,
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "window": {
      "start": "2026-07-29T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "end": "2026-08-31T00:00:00.000+01:00",
      "length_days": 33
    },
    "phase_count": 5,
    "phases": [
      {
        "kind": "full_moon",
        "label": "Full Moon",
        "instant": "2026-07-29T15:35:42.204+01:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "local_date": "2026-07-29",
        "days_from_query": 0.649794,
        "lunation_number": 1281,
        "distance_km": 399606.805099,
        "angular_diameter_arcsec": 1793.591094,
        "fraction_of_mean_distance": 1.03956,
        "apparent_size_vs_mean_percent": -3.805442,
        "apparent_brightness_vs_mean_percent": -7.46607,
        "illuminated_fraction": 0.999673,
        "apparent_magnitude": -12.54,
        "illumination_note": "At an exact quarter the illuminated fraction is about 0.5013 rather than 0.5000. The quarters are defined by the difference in ecliptic longitude, not by half illumination, and the two differ by a few hours of geometry. It is not rounded to look tidy.",
        "classification": {
          "applicable": true,
          "rule": "site",
          "rule_definition": "A supermoon is a phase occurring closer than 360,000 km and a micromoon further than 405,000 km, measured at the instant of the phase.",
          "is_supermoon": false,
          "is_micromoon": false,
          "supermoon_threshold_km": 360000,
          "micromoon_threshold_km": 405000,
          "espenak": {
            "rule_definition": "Espenak's rule, following Nolle: a new or full Moon qualifies when its relative distance, (apogee - distance) / (apogee - perigee) for the apogee and perigee nearest in time, is 0.9 or more. The line is drawn for each orbit, so threshold_km moves from one orbit to the next.",
            "qualifies": false,
            "threshold_km": 367499.417229,
            "threshold_year": null,
            "closest_perigee_of_year_km": null,
            "farthest_apogee_of_year_km": null,
            "relative_distance": 0.140324,
            "orbit_perigee_km": 363272.9585,
            "orbit_apogee_km": 405537.545797
          },
          "criteria_disagree": false,
          "disagreement_note": null
        },
        "name": {
          "traditional_name": "Buck Moon",
          "traditional_name_if_not_blue": "Buck Moon",
          "month_table_name": null,
          "harvest_moon_note": null,
          "is_blue_moon_monthly": false,
          "is_blue_moon_seasonal": false,
          "blue_moon_basis_timezone": "Europe/London",
          "blue_moon_note": "Two senses, both computed. MONTHLY is the second full moon in one calendar month, and whether two full moons share a month genuinely depends on the timezone, which is why the zone is echoed here. SEASONAL is the third full moon in an astronomical season containing four, the Sky and Telescope 1999 reconstruction of Maine Farmers' Almanac practice.",
          "names_note": "Folklore labels, not astronomical terms. They were popularized by the Old Farmer's Almanac, drawing on Native American (notably Algonquian), colonial American and European traditions, and the month a name attaches to is the calendar month in the effective timezone."
        },
        "eclipse": null,
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/full-moon-calendar.html",
        "magnitude_extrapolated": false
      },
      {
        "kind": "last_quarter",
        "label": "Last Quarter",
        "instant": "2026-08-06T03:21:27.594+01:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "local_date": "2026-08-06",
        "days_from_query": 8.139903,
        "lunation_number": 1281,
        "distance_km": 373336.59946,
        "angular_diameter_arcsec": 1919.799818,
        "fraction_of_mean_distance": 0.971219,
        "apparent_size_vs_mean_percent": 2.963385,
        "apparent_brightness_vs_mean_percent": 6.014586,
        "illuminated_fraction": 0.501279,
        "apparent_magnitude": -10.16,
        "illumination_note": "At an exact quarter the illuminated fraction is about 0.5013 rather than 0.5000. The quarters are defined by the difference in ecliptic longitude, not by half illumination, and the two differ by a few hours of geometry. It is not rounded to look tidy.",
        "classification": {
          "applicable": false,
          "not_applicable_reason": "A supermoon or micromoon is by definition a new or full Moon. This is a last quarter, so neither rule applies to it. The distance is reported above either way.",
          "rule": null,
          "is_supermoon": null,
          "is_micromoon": null,
          "espenak": null,
          "criteria_disagree": null,
          "disagreement_note": null
        },
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/full-moon-calendar.html",
        "magnitude_extrapolated": false
      },
      {
        "kind": "new_moon",
        "label": "New Moon",
        "instant": "2026-08-12T18:36:41.553+01:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "local_date": "2026-08-12",
        "days_from_query": 14.775481,
        "lunation_number": 1282,
        "distance_km": 366944.060682,
        "angular_diameter_arcsec": 1953.244932,
        "fraction_of_mean_distance": 0.954589,
        "apparent_size_vs_mean_percent": 4.757112,
        "apparent_brightness_vs_mean_percent": 9.740525,
        "illuminated_fraction": 0.000061,
        "apparent_magnitude": -4.03,
        "illumination_note": "At an exact quarter the illuminated fraction is about 0.5013 rather than 0.5000. The quarters are defined by the difference in ecliptic longitude, not by half illumination, and the two differ by a few hours of geometry. It is not rounded to look tidy.",
        "classification": {
          "applicable": true,
          "rule": "site",
          "rule_definition": "A supermoon is a phase occurring closer than 360,000 km and a micromoon further than 405,000 km, measured at the instant of the phase.",
          "is_supermoon": false,
          "is_micromoon": false,
          "supermoon_threshold_km": 360000,
          "micromoon_threshold_km": 405000,
          "espenak": {
            "rule_definition": "Espenak's rule, following Nolle: a new or full Moon qualifies when its relative distance, (apogee - distance) / (apogee - perigee) for the apogee and perigee nearest in time, is 0.9 or more. The line is drawn for each orbit, so threshold_km moves from one orbit to the next.",
            "qualifies": true,
            "threshold_km": 367408.863864,
            "threshold_year": null,
            "closest_perigee_of_year_km": null,
            "farthest_apogee_of_year_km": null,
            "relative_distance": 0.911238,
            "orbit_perigee_km": 363272.9585,
            "orbit_apogee_km": 404632.012141
          },
          "criteria_disagree": true,
          "disagreement_note": "Espenak's rule counts this as a supermoon and the fixed 360,000 km line does not: it is 6,944 km beyond the fixed line but at a relative distance of 0.911 in its own orbit, above Espenak's 0.9. Published lists that follow the two rules will disagree about this event."
        },
        "eclipse": {
          "type": "solar",
          "kind": "total",
          "peak": "2026-08-12T18:45:53.048+01:00",
          "minutes_from_phase_instant": 9.191583,
          "minutes_from_phase_instant_sign": "Positive means the eclipse peak FOLLOWS the phase instant; negative means it precedes it.",
          "note": "A new moon is a candidate for a solar eclipse and most are not one. The small offset between the two instants is the visible trace of how near the syzygy fell to a node.",
          "hybrid": false
        },
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/full-moon-calendar.html",
        "magnitude_extrapolated": true
      },
      {
        "kind": "first_quarter",
        "label": "First Quarter",
        "instant": "2026-08-20T03:46:20.653+01:00",
        "instant_precision_seconds": 1,
        "local_date": "2026-08-20",
        "days_from_query": 22.157183,
        "lunation_number": 1282,
        "distance_km": 401560.050988,
        "angular_diameter_arcsec": 1784.866754,
        "fraction_of_mean_distance": 1.044641,
        "apparent_size_vs_mean_percent": -4.273346,
        "apparent_brightness_vs_mean_percent": -8.364077,
        "illuminated_fraction": 0.501277,
        "apparent_magnitude": -10,
        "illumination_note": "At an exact quarter the illuminated fraction is about 0.5013 rather than 0.5000. The quarters are defined by the difference in ecliptic longitude, not by half illumination, and the two differ by a few hours of geometry. It is not rounded to look tidy.",
        "classification": {
          "applicable": false,
          "not_applicable_reason": "A supermoon or micromoon is by definition a new or full Moon. This is a first quarter, so neither rule applies to it. The distance is reported above either way.",
          "rule": null,
          "is_supermoon": null,
          "is_micromoon": null,
          "espenak": null,
          "criteria_disagree": null,
          "disagreement_note": null
        },
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/full-moon-calendar.html",
        "magnitude_extrapolated": false
      },
      "... 1 more row omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "summary": "The next full moon is on 2026-07-29, the Buck Moon. 5 phases fall in this window."
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/phases?end=2026-08-31&start=2026-07-29&tz=Europe%2FLondon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#phases",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/full-moon-calendar.html",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/learn/moon-phases.html",
    "related": [
      {
        "rel": "endpoint",
        "title": "The Moon right now",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/moon"
      },
      {
        "rel": "endpoint",
        "title": "Perigee and apogee",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/apsides"
      },
      {
        "rel": "page",
        "title": "Supermoons",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/supermoons.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#phases"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/cycles",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-07-28T21:30:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": null,
    "longitude": null,
    "elevation_m": 0,
    "tz": "UTC",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 0,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+00:00",
    "is_dst": false,
    "timezone_source": "default",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "keys": null,
    "kind": null,
    "family": null,
    "include": [
      "fraction",
      "next_event",
      "observed"
    ],
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "note": "Positional astronomy only. A cycle here is a position in a repeating astronomical pattern and nothing else. These figures do not predict events on Earth, in markets, or in anyone's life, and no field in this response should be read that way. Where a cycle is measured from observations rather than computed from orbital mechanics, kind is observed and the position is an estimate. Where a cycle is a repeat interval with no live phase, fraction is null and the reason is stated rather than a number invented.",
    "instant": "2026-07-28T21:30:00.000Z",
    "decimal_year": 2026.5723173515983,
    "count": 21,
    "summary": "The Moon is full, day 14 of the synodic month. The Sun is 35 percent through the tropical year, in the northern summer quarter. Jupiter is 117.4 deg ahead of Saturn in heliocentric longitude. Solar Cycle 25 is roughly 60 percent through its nominal 11 years, which is an estimate rather than a measurement.",
    "cycles": [
      {
        "key": "synodic_month",
        "slug": "synodic-month",
        "name": "The synodic month",
        "family": "lunar_month",
        "kind": "computed_phase",
        "period_days": 29.530589,
        "period_text": "29.530589 days (29 d 12 h 44 min)",
        "fraction": 0.477842,
        "percent_complete": 47.78418,
        "fraction_method": "Apparent ecliptic longitude of the Moon minus the Sun's, as /v2/positions reports them, divided by 360: 0 at new moon, 0.5 at full.",
        "position_label": "Full Moon, day 14 of 29.53",
        "position_values": {
          "phase_angle_deg": 172.023049,
          "day_of_cycle": 14,
          "phase_code": "full_moon"
        },
        "next_event": {
          "kind": "full_moon",
          "label": "Full Moon",
          "instant": "2026-07-29T14:35:42.204Z",
          "days_until": 0.712294
        },
        "page_url": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/synodic-month.html"
      },
      {
        "key": "sidereal_month",
        "slug": "sidereal-month",
        "name": "The sidereal month",
        "family": "lunar_month",
        "kind": "computed_phase",
        "period_days": 27.321661,
        "period_text": "27.321661 days (27 d 7 h 43 min)",
        "fraction": 0.826307,
        "percent_complete": 82.630683,
        "fraction_method": "The Moon's J2000 ecliptic longitude divided by 360. The J2000 ecliptic, not the ecliptic of date, because a sidereal month is measured against the stars and the equinox of date moves.",
        "position_label": "Moon at 297.4705 deg J2000 ecliptic longitude",
        "position_values": {
          "ecliptic_longitude_j2000_deg": 297.47046
        },
        "next_event": null,
        "page_url": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/sidereal-month.html"
      },
      {
        "key": "anomalistic_month",
        "slug": "anomalistic-month",
        "name": "The anomalistic month",
        "family": "lunar_month",
        "kind": "computed_phase",
        "period_days": 27.55455,
        "period_text": "27.554550 days (27 d 13 h 19 min)",
        "fraction": 0.553119,
        "percent_complete": 55.311898,
        "fraction_method": "Elapsed time since the previous perigee divided by the interval to the next one, both from the engine's apsis search. The interval for this particular month is 28.1398 days, which is not the mean period and is not meant to be.",
        "position_label": "15.6 days past perigee, 12.6 days to the next",
        "position_values": {
          "previous_perigee": "2026-07-13T07:56:55.505Z",
          "next_perigee": "2026-08-10T11:18:10.779Z",
          "previous_perigee_distance_km": 359102.352973,
          "interval_days": 28.13976
        },
        "next_event": {
          "kind": "perigee",
          "label": "The Moon reaches perigee",
          "instant": "2026-08-10T11:18:10.779Z",
          "days_until": 12.575125
        },
        "page_url": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/anomalistic-month.html"
      },
      {
        "key": "draconic_month",
        "slug": "draconic-month",
        "name": "The draconic month",
        "family": "lunar_month",
        "kind": "computed_phase",
        "period_days": 27.212221,
        "period_text": "27.212221 days (27 d 5 h 6 min)",
        "fraction": 0.904324,
        "percent_complete": 90.432431,
        "fraction_method": "Elapsed time since the previous ascending-node passage divided by the interval to the next one, both from the engine's true-node search. The interval for this particular month is 27.1685 days, which is not the mean period and is not meant to be.",
        "position_label": "24.6 days past the ascending node, 2.6 days from the next one",
        "position_values": {
          "previous_ascending_node": "2026-07-04T07:50:30.175Z",
          "next_ascending_node": "2026-07-31T11:53:04.779Z",
          "interval_days": 27.168456
        },
        "next_event": {
          "kind": "node_ascending",
          "label": "The Moon crosses the ecliptic going north",
          "instant": "2026-07-31T11:53:04.779Z",
          "days_until": 2.599361
        },
        "page_url": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/draconic-month.html"
      },
      "... 17 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ]
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/cycles?at=2026-07-28T21%3A30%3A00Z",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#cycles",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles.html",
    "explain": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cosmic-position.html",
    "related": [
      {
        "rel": "cycle",
        "title": "The synodic month",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/synodic-month.html"
      },
      {
        "rel": "cycle",
        "title": "The sidereal month",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/sidereal-month.html"
      },
      {
        "rel": "cycle",
        "title": "The anomalistic month",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/anomalistic-month.html"
      },
      {
        "rel": "cycle",
        "title": "The draconic month",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/cycles/draconic-month.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#cycles"
}

Some arrays are shortened above for length; the live response returns every row.

{
  "endpoint": "/v2/planet-board",
  "computed_at": "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z",
  "query": {
    "at": "2026-07-28T21:30:00.000Z",
    "mode": "instant",
    "resolved_from": "at",
    "is_now": false,
    "latitude": 51.4778,
    "longitude": -0.0015,
    "elevation_m": 11,
    "tz": "Europe/London",
    "utc_offset_seconds": 3600,
    "utc_offset_iso": "+01:00",
    "is_dst": true,
    "timezone_source": "parameter",
    "day_anchor": "civil",
    "time_format": "iso",
    "format": "json",
    "shape": "nested",
    "precision": 6,
    "pretty": 1,
    "verbosity": "full",
    "bodies": [
      "mercury",
      "venus",
      "mars",
      "jupiter",
      "... 4 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ],
    "include": [
      "position",
      "visibility",
      "motion",
      "rise_set"
    ],
    "sort": "distance_from_sun",
    "frames": "standard",
    "refraction": "normal",
    "ignored": []
  },
  "data": {
    "instant": "2026-07-28T22:30:00.000+01:00",
    "count": 8,
    "summary": "Venus is in the evening sky after dusk. Mercury, Mars, Saturn and Uranus are in the morning sky before dawn. Jupiter is too close to the Sun to be seen. Saturn, Neptune and Pluto are moving retrograde.",
    "twilight_basis": {
      "civil_dusk": "2026-07-28T21:35:35.041+01:00",
      "civil_dawn": "2026-07-28T04:36:16.867+01:00",
      "sun_altitude_deg": -6,
      "never_dark": false,
      "glare_release_altitude_deg": 5,
      "glare_rule_overridden_definition": "bodies[].twilight.glare_rule_overridden is true when the elongation rule alone put the planet in the glare but it stands at least glare_release_altitude_deg up at this civil dusk or dawn, so the verdict was decided by this horizon instead. false means the elongation rule was not overridden; the verdict stands as visibility.code says."
    },
    "retrograde_now": [
      "Saturn",
      "Neptune",
      "Pluto"
    ],
    "observable_now": [],
    "above_horizon_now": [
      "Pluto"
    ],
    "bodies": [
      {
        "name": "Mercury",
        "code": "mercury",
        "kind": "planet",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Gemini",
          "abbreviation": "Gem"
        },
        "tropical_sign": {
          "name": "Cancer",
          "code": "cancer",
          "sign_index": 3,
          "degree_in_sign": 17.512634,
          "degree_in_sign_whole": 17
        },
        "position": {
          "equatorial": {
            "j2000": {
              "ra_hours": 7.212121,
              "ra_string": "07h 12m 43.6s",
              "dec_deg": 19.413258,
              "dec_string": "+19 24 47.7"
            },
            "of_date": {
              "ra_hours": 7.238313,
              "ra_string": "07h 14m 17.9s",
              "dec_deg": 19.368337,
              "dec_string": "+19 22 06.0"
            }
          },
          "ecliptic": {
            "true_of_date": {
              "longitude_deg": 107.512634,
              "latitude_deg": -2.944596
            }
          },
          "horizontal": {
            "azimuth_deg": 340.745655,
            "compass": "NNW",
            "altitude_refracted_deg": -16.589178,
            "altitude_unrefracted_deg": -17.118658,
            "refraction_deg": 0.529479,
            "hour_angle_hours": 10.69898,
            "parallactic_angle_deg": 12.574122
          },
          "distance_au": 0.77774,
          "distance_km": 116348263.88084,
          "distance_light_minutes": 6.468267,
          "origin": "topocentric",
          "observer_height_m": 11,
          "distance_origin": "geocentric",
          "ecliptic_origin": "geocentric",
          "origin_note": "Directions here are topocentric, measured from your coordinates. The ecliptic longitude and the distance are geocentric, measured from the center of the Earth, because that is the frame tropical sign sectors are defined in and the frame planetary distances are published in. Do not combine the topocentric direction with the geocentric distance as one vector."
        },
        "physical": {
          "apparent_magnitude": 0.86,
          "angular_diameter_arcsec": 8.65031,
          "phase_angle_deg": 119.788465,
          "illuminated_fraction": 0.2516,
          "illuminated_percent": 25.160037,
          "ring_tilt_deg": null
        },
        "visibility": {
          "elongation_deg": 18.535991,
          "sun_side": "morning",
          "ecliptic_separation_deg": 18.308721,
          "code": "morning_sky",
          "phrase": "Morning sky, before dawn",
          "naked_eye": true,
          "is_up": false,
          "verdict": "Mercury is 18.5 deg west of the Sun and rises about 77 minutes before it, in the morning sky.",
          "sun_is_up": false,
          "observable_now": false
        },
        "motion": {
          "apparent_motion": "direct",
          "longitude_rate_deg_per_day": 0.489661,
          "is_retrograde": false,
          "stationary_band_deg_per_day": 0.0005,
          "search_horizon_days": 400,
          "method": "central difference of apparent geocentric ecliptic longitude over plus and minus 0.02 days, refined to 1 second",
          "next_station": {
            "kind": "station_retrograde",
            "label": "Mercury stationary, beginning retrograde motion",
            "instant": "2026-10-24T08:15:27.295+01:00",
            "instant_precision_seconds": 2,
            "days_from_query": 87.406566
          }
        },
        "rise_set": {
          "status": "normal",
          "status_label": "Rises and sets",
          "special": null,
          "events": [
            {
              "kind": "rise",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T04:01:19.561+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 57.239438,
              "altitude_deg": -0.56607
            },
            {
              "kind": "upper_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T11:48:53.172+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 179.999441,
              "altitude_deg": 57.819913
            },
            {
              "kind": "set",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T19:37:16.045+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 302.979875,
              "altitude_deg": -0.566067
            },
            {
              "kind": "lower_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T23:47:58.181+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 359.999996,
              "altitude_deg": -18.629207
            }
          ],
          "rise": [
            "2026-07-28T04:01:19.561+01:00"
          ],
          "set": [
            "2026-07-28T19:37:16.045+01:00"
          ],
          "transit": [
            "2026-07-28T11:48:53.172+01:00"
          ],
          "above_horizon_minutes": 935.9,
          "window": {
            "start": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "end": "2026-07-29T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "anchor": "civil",
            "length_minutes": 1440
          }
        },
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/planets/mercury.html",
        "twilight": {
          "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": -12.897916,
          "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": 4.368817,
          "glare_rule_overridden": false
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "Venus",
        "code": "venus",
        "kind": "planet",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Leo",
          "abbreviation": "Leo"
        },
        "tropical_sign": {
          "name": "Virgo",
          "code": "virgo",
          "sign_index": 5,
          "degree_in_sign": 20.815146,
          "degree_in_sign_whole": 20
        },
        "position": {
          "equatorial": {
            "j2000": {
              "ra_hours": 11.420632,
              "ra_string": "11h 25m 14.3s",
              "dec_deg": 4.004635,
              "dec_string": "+04 00 16.7"
            },
            "of_date": {
              "ra_hours": 11.443602,
              "ra_string": "11h 26m 37.0s",
              "dec_deg": 3.857615,
              "dec_string": "+03 51 27.4"
            }
          },
          "ecliptic": {
            "true_of_date": {
              "longitude_deg": 170.815146,
              "latitude_deg": 0.239064
            }
          },
          "horizontal": {
            "azimuth_deg": 278.196298,
            "compass": "W",
            "altitude_refracted_deg": -0.930942,
            "altitude_unrefracted_deg": -1.573357,
            "refraction_deg": 0.642415,
            "hour_angle_hours": 6.493692,
            "parallactic_angle_deg": 38.159728
          },
          "distance_au": 0.825021,
          "distance_km": 123421371.698546,
          "distance_light_minutes": 6.86149,
          "origin": "topocentric",
          "observer_height_m": 11,
          "distance_origin": "geocentric",
          "ecliptic_origin": "geocentric",
          "origin_note": "Directions here are topocentric, measured from your coordinates. The ecliptic longitude and the distance are geocentric, measured from the center of the Earth, because that is the frame tropical sign sectors are defined in and the frame planetary distances are published in. Do not combine the topocentric direction with the geocentric distance as one vector."
        },
        "physical": {
          "apparent_magnitude": -4.29,
          "angular_diameter_arcsec": 20.227831,
          "phase_angle_deg": 81.525221,
          "illuminated_fraction": 0.573687,
          "illuminated_percent": 57.368702,
          "ring_tilt_deg": null
        },
        "visibility": {
          "elongation_deg": 44.99429,
          "sun_side": "evening",
          "ecliptic_separation_deg": 44.993792,
          "code": "evening_sky",
          "phrase": "Evening sky, after dusk",
          "naked_eye": true,
          "is_up": false,
          "verdict": "Venus is 45.0 deg east of the Sun and sets about 89 minutes after it, in the evening sky.",
          "sun_is_up": false,
          "observable_now": false
        },
        "motion": {
          "apparent_motion": "direct",
          "longitude_rate_deg_per_day": 1.05161,
          "is_retrograde": false,
          "stationary_band_deg_per_day": 0.0005,
          "search_horizon_days": 643,
          "method": "central difference of apparent geocentric ecliptic longitude over plus and minus 0.02 days, refined to 1 second",
          "next_station": {
            "kind": "station_retrograde",
            "label": "Venus stationary, beginning retrograde motion",
            "instant": "2026-10-03T08:10:12.893+01:00",
            "instant_precision_seconds": 2,
            "days_from_query": 66.402927
          }
        },
        "rise_set": {
          "status": "normal",
          "status_label": "Rises and sets",
          "special": null,
          "events": [
            {
              "kind": "lower_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T04:00:31.702+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 359.999999,
              "altitude_deg": -33.884475
            },
            {
              "kind": "rise",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T09:36:04.041+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 82.659734,
              "altitude_deg": -0.566072
            },
            {
              "kind": "upper_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T16:00:26.242+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 179.999989,
              "altitude_deg": 42.530274
            },
            {
              "kind": "set",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T22:23:29.161+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 276.920893,
              "altitude_deg": -0.566067
            }
          ],
          "rise": [
            "2026-07-28T09:36:04.041+01:00"
          ],
          "set": [
            "2026-07-28T22:23:29.161+01:00"
          ],
          "transit": [
            "2026-07-28T16:00:26.242+01:00"
          ],
          "above_horizon_minutes": 767.4,
          "window": {
            "start": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "end": "2026-07-29T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "anchor": "civil",
            "length_minutes": 1440
          }
        },
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/planets/venus.html",
        "twilight": {
          "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": 7.017111,
          "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": -33.371236,
          "glare_rule_overridden": false
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "Mars",
        "code": "mars",
        "kind": "planet",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Taurus",
          "abbreviation": "Tau"
        },
        "tropical_sign": {
          "name": "Gemini",
          "code": "gemini",
          "sign_index": 2,
          "degree_in_sign": 20.965132,
          "degree_in_sign_whole": 20
        },
        "position": {
          "equatorial": {
            "j2000": {
              "ra_hours": 5.317248,
              "ra_string": "05h 19m 02.1s",
              "dec_deg": 23.151779,
              "dec_string": "+23 09 06.4"
            },
            "of_date": {
              "ra_hours": 5.344281,
              "ra_string": "05h 20m 39.4s",
              "dec_deg": 23.179878,
              "dec_string": "+23 10 47.6"
            }
          },
          "ecliptic": {
            "true_of_date": {
              "longitude_deg": 80.965132,
              "latitude_deg": 0.050998
            }
          },
          "horizontal": {
            "azimuth_deg": 8.459692,
            "compass": "N",
            "altitude_refracted_deg": -14.388245,
            "altitude_unrefracted_deg": -14.933599,
            "refraction_deg": 0.545354,
            "hour_angle_hours": 12.593012,
            "parallactic_angle_deg": -5.720229
          },
          "distance_au": 2.010168,
          "distance_km": 300716922.60971,
          "distance_light_minutes": 16.718061,
          "origin": "topocentric",
          "observer_height_m": 11,
          "distance_origin": "geocentric",
          "ecliptic_origin": "geocentric",
          "origin_note": "Directions here are topocentric, measured from your coordinates. The ecliptic longitude and the distance are geocentric, measured from the center of the Earth, because that is the frame tropical sign sectors are defined in and the frame planetary distances are published in. Do not combine the topocentric direction with the geocentric distance as one vector."
        },
        "physical": {
          "apparent_magnitude": 1.31,
          "angular_diameter_arcsec": 4.658976,
          "phase_angle_deg": 29.029028,
          "illuminated_fraction": 0.937187,
          "illuminated_percent": 93.718699,
          "ring_tilt_deg": null
        },
        "visibility": {
          "elongation_deg": 44.856245,
          "sun_side": "morning",
          "ecliptic_separation_deg": 44.856222,
          "code": "morning_sky",
          "phrase": "Morning sky, before dawn",
          "naked_eye": true,
          "is_up": false,
          "verdict": "Mars is 44.9 deg west of the Sun and rises about 217 minutes before it, in the morning sky.",
          "sun_is_up": false,
          "observable_now": false
        },
        "motion": {
          "apparent_motion": "direct",
          "longitude_rate_deg_per_day": 0.679367,
          "is_retrograde": false,
          "stationary_band_deg_per_day": 0.0005,
          "search_horizon_days": 858,
          "method": "central difference of apparent geocentric ecliptic longitude over plus and minus 0.02 days, refined to 1 second",
          "next_station": {
            "kind": "station_retrograde",
            "label": "Mars stationary, beginning retrograde motion",
            "instant": "2027-01-10T13:01:18.437+00:00",
            "instant_precision_seconds": 2,
            "days_from_query": 165.646741
          }
        },
        "rise_set": {
          "status": "normal",
          "status_label": "Rises and sets",
          "special": null,
          "events": [
            {
              "kind": "rise",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T01:40:47.139+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 49.978139,
              "altitude_deg": -0.566069
            },
            {
              "kind": "upper_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T09:54:56.480+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 179.999997,
              "altitude_deg": 61.680124
            },
            {
              "kind": "set",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T18:09:23.901+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 310.103001,
              "altitude_deg": -0.566067
            },
            {
              "kind": "lower_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T21:54:26.601+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 359.999994,
              "altitude_deg": -14.801421
            }
          ],
          "rise": [
            "2026-07-28T01:40:47.139+01:00"
          ],
          "set": [
            "2026-07-28T18:09:23.901+01:00"
          ],
          "transit": [
            "2026-07-28T09:54:56.480+01:00"
          ],
          "above_horizon_minutes": 988.6,
          "window": {
            "start": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "end": "2026-07-29T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "anchor": "civil",
            "length_minutes": 1440
          }
        },
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/planets/mars.html",
        "twilight": {
          "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": -14.686134,
          "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": 24.216329,
          "glare_rule_overridden": false
        }
      },
      {
        "name": "Jupiter",
        "code": "jupiter",
        "kind": "planet",
        "constellation": {
          "name": "Cancer",
          "abbreviation": "Cnc"
        },
        "tropical_sign": {
          "name": "Leo",
          "code": "leo",
          "sign_index": 4,
          "degree_in_sign": 6.273787,
          "degree_in_sign_whole": 6
        },
        "position": {
          "equatorial": {
            "j2000": {
              "ra_hours": 8.559681,
              "ra_string": "08h 33m 34.9s",
              "dec_deg": 19.251793,
              "dec_string": "+19 15 06.5"
            },
            "of_date": {
              "ra_hours": 8.585276,
              "ra_string": "08h 35m 07.0s",
              "dec_deg": 19.160562,
              "dec_string": "+19 09 38.0"
            }
          },
          "ecliptic": {
            "true_of_date": {
              "longitude_deg": 126.273787,
              "latitude_deg": 0.472265
            }
          },
          "horizontal": {
            "azimuth_deg": 322.008952,
            "compass": "NW",
            "altitude_refracted_deg": -10.715782,
            "altitude_unrefracted_deg": -11.287623,
            "refraction_deg": 0.571842,
            "hour_angle_hours": 9.352018,
            "parallactic_angle_deg": 23.944491
          },
          "distance_au": 6.301023,
          "distance_km": 942619698.128479,
          "distance_light_minutes": 52.404014,
          "origin": "topocentric",
          "observer_height_m": 11,
          "distance_origin": "geocentric",
          "ecliptic_origin": "geocentric",
          "origin_note": "Directions here are topocentric, measured from your coordinates. The ecliptic longitude and the distance are geocentric, measured from the center of the Earth, because that is the frame tropical sign sectors are defined in and the frame planetary distances are published in. Do not combine the topocentric direction with the geocentric distance as one vector."
        },
        "physical": {
          "apparent_magnitude": -1.79,
          "angular_diameter_arcsec": 31.287875,
          "phase_angle_deg": 0.12595,
          "illuminated_fraction": 0.999999,
          "illuminated_percent": 99.999879,
          "ring_tilt_deg": null
        },
        "visibility": {
          "elongation_deg": 0.653973,
          "sun_side": "evening",
          "ecliptic_separation_deg": 0.452432,
          "code": "glare",
          "phrase": "Lost in the Sun's glare",
          "naked_eye": true,
          "is_up": false,
          "verdict": "Jupiter is only 0.7 deg from the Sun and cannot be seen.",
          "sun_is_up": false,
          "observable_now": false
        },
        "motion": {
          "apparent_motion": "direct",
          "longitude_rate_deg_per_day": 0.221485,
          "is_retrograde": false,
          "stationary_band_deg_per_day": 0.0005,
          "search_horizon_days": 439,
          "method": "central difference of apparent geocentric ecliptic longitude over plus and minus 0.02 days, refined to 1 second",
          "next_station": {
            "kind": "station_retrograde",
            "label": "Jupiter stationary, beginning retrograde motion",
            "instant": "2026-12-13T00:59:00.132+00:00",
            "instant_precision_seconds": 2,
            "days_from_query": 137.14514
          }
        },
        "rise_set": {
          "status": "normal",
          "status_label": "Rises and sets",
          "special": null,
          "events": [
            {
              "kind": "lower_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T01:11:34.315+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 359.99999,
              "altitude_deg": -18.800442
            },
            {
              "kind": "rise",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T05:22:59.102+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 57.286438,
              "altitude_deg": -0.566125
            },
            {
              "kind": "upper_transit",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T13:10:03.514+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 179.999862,
              "altitude_deg": 57.71449
            },
            {
              "kind": "set",
              "instant": "2026-07-28T20:56:54.693+01:00",
              "azimuth_deg": 302.650698,
              "altitude_deg": -0.566071
            }
          ],
          "rise": [
            "2026-07-28T05:22:59.102+01:00"
          ],
          "set": [
            "2026-07-28T20:56:54.693+01:00"
          ],
          "transit": [
            "2026-07-28T13:10:03.514+01:00"
          ],
          "above_horizon_minutes": 933.9,
          "window": {
            "start": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "end": "2026-07-29T00:00:00.000+01:00",
            "anchor": "civil",
            "length_minutes": 1440
          }
        },
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/planets/jupiter.html",
        "twilight": {
          "altitude_at_civil_dusk_deg": -4.799075,
          "altitude_at_civil_dawn_deg": -5.74039,
          "glare_rule_overridden": false
        }
      },
      "... 4 more rows omitted for length ..."
    ]
  },
  "warnings": [],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/planet-board?at=2026-07-28T21%3A30%3A00Z&elevation_m=11&lat=51.4778&lon=-0.0015&tz=Europe%2FLondon",
    "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#planet-board",
    "spec": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/openapi.json",
    "page": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/planets/",
    "related": [
      {
        "rel": "endpoint",
        "title": "Where every body is, in every frame",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/positions"
      },
      {
        "rel": "endpoint",
        "title": "Every retrograde and direct station",
        "href": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/v2/retrogrades"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": "... see 'Shared parameters and conventions' above: engine credit, cache class, accuracy statement, time and rights blocks ...",
  "attribution": "Computed by CycleCalcs (cyclecalcs.com) with the MIT-licensed Astronomy Engine. Positional astronomy only.",
  "docs": "https://www.cyclecalcs.com/api/reference.html#planet-board"
}